Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Impact of Breastfeeding on Lactating Women Bone Health: A Survey Based Study in Northern Region of Saudi Arabia


Affiliations
1 Northern Border University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
3 Northern Border University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
 

Bone fitness is considered as an important public health problem especially in post-menopausal women. Numerous studies have investigated to understand beneficiary effects of mother milk on the baby but very few studies have been conducted to understand the effect of breastfeeding on the bone health of lactating women. We hypothesized that high calcium demand during pregnancy and lactation and low estrogenic state support may affect on the bone health immediately after child birth and later in the life. Based upon this theory we have conducted a survey based study in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia to assess the health status of the lactating mothers. Total 376 lactating mothers were interviewed during the period of 16 Nov 2016 to 23 March 2017. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was provided at their homes to collect information. The result revealed that among 376 participants, 7% complaining about generalized pain, 41% suffering from joint pain, 24%, suffering from lower back pain and 1% of mothers suffered from fracture. This survey highlights important but ignored aspect of the bone health of lactating women in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia. During pregnancy, women consume calcium supplements to satisfy their requirement of developing baby but after child birth, they stop calcium supplement though it's needed. Based upon this study we state that there is a need to prepare and follow guidelines for the use of calcium supplement for the lactating women to maintain bone health.

Keywords

Bone Health, Estrogen and Calcium, Lactation, Pregnancy.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Ramesh K, Kumar KP. Knowledge and attitude of post natal mothers towards breast feeding in a tertiary care hospital, Bellary, Karnataka. International J Sci Res. 2014; 3(4):368– 70.

  • WHO, Infant and young child feeding Model Chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. Available from: Crossref

  • Kovacs CS. Calcium and bone metabolism in pregnancy and lactation. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2011 Dec; 40(4):795–826. Crossref PMid:22108281

  • Oliveri B, Parisi MS, Zeni S, Mautalen C. Mineral and bonemass changes during pregnancy and lactation. Nutrition. 2004 Feb; 20(2):235–40. Crossref PMid:14962693

  • Prentice A. Calcium in pregnancy and lactation. Annu Rev Nutr. 2000; 20:249–72. Crossref PMid:10940334

  • El-Zorkany. The Middle East and Africa regional audit. International Osteoporosis Foundation; 2013.

  • Hreshchyshyn MM, Hopkins A, Zylstra S, Anbar M. Associations of parity, breastfeeding, and birth control pills with lumbar spine and femoral neck bone densities. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Aug; 159(2):318–22. Crossref

  • Lopez JM, Gonzalez G, Reyes V, Campino C, Díaz S. Bone turnover and density in healthy women during breastfeeding and after weaning. Osteoporos Int. 1996; 6(2):153–9. Crossref PMid:8704355

  • Kovacs CS, Kronenberg HM. Maternal-fetal calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy, puerperium and lactation. Endocr Rev. 1997 Dec; 18(6):832–72. Crossref PMid:9408745

  • Kirby BJ, Ardeshirpour L, Woodrow JP, Wysolmerski JJ, Sims NA, Karaplis AC, Kovacs CS. Skeletal recovery after weaning does not require PTHrP. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Jun; 26(6):1242–51. Crossref PMid:21308774 PMCid:PMC3179289

  • Wysolmerski JJ. Conversations between breast and bone: physiological bone loss during lactation as evolutionary template for osteolysis in breast cancer and pathological bone loss after menopause. BoneKEy. 2007 Aug; 4(8):209– 25. Crossref

  • Kovacs CS. The role of vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation: Insights from animal models and clinical studies. Annu Rev Nutr. 2012 Aug 21; 32:97–123. Crossref PMid:22483092

  • Holmberg-Marttila D, Sievanen H, Tuimala R. Changes in bone mineral density during pregnancy and postpartum: prospective data on five women. Osteoporos Int. 1999; 10(1):41–6. Crossref PMid:10501778

  • Naylor KE1, Iqbal P, Fledelius C, Fraser RB, Eastell R. The effect of pregnancy on bone density and bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Jan; 15(1):129–37. Crossref PMid:10646122

  • Pearson D, Kaur M, San P, Lawson N, Baker P, Hosking D. Recovery of pregnancy mediated bone loss during lactation. Bone. 2004 Mar; 34(3):570–8. Crossref PMid:15003805

  • Saleh M, Kerr M. Understanding the Muslim patient. Journal of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada. 1996; 18:55–64. Crossref

  • Lippuner K, Zehnder HJ, Casez JP, Takkinen R, Jaeger P. Effects of PTH-related protein (PTH-rP) on calcium-phosphate metabolism in nursing mothers. Bone. 1995; 16(Suppl 1):209.

  • Qur’an, 2: 233.

  • Kalkwarf HJ, Specker BL, Bianchi DC, Ranz J, Ho M. The effect of calcium supplementation on bone density during lactation and after weaning. N Engl J Med. 1997 Aug 21; 337(8):523–8. Crossref PMid:9262495

  • Kalkwarf HJ, Specker BL Bone mineral changes during pregnancy and lactation. Endocrine. 2002 Feb; 17(1):49– 53. Crossref

  • Ulrich U1, Miller PB, Eyre DR, Chesnut CH 3rd, Schlebusch H, Soules MR. Bone remodelling and bone mineral density during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2003 Oct; 268(4):309–16. Crossref PMid:14504876

  • Kaur M1, Pearson D, Godber I, Lawson N, Baker P, Hosking D. Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density during normal pregnancy. Bone. 2003 Apr; 32(4):449–54. Crossref

  • Kent GN, Price RI, Gutteridge DH, Allen JR, Rosman KJ, Smith M, Bhagat CI, Wilson SG, Retallack RW. Effect of pregnancy and lactation on maternal bone mass and calcium metabolism. Osteoporos Int. 1993; 3(Suppl 1):44–7. Crossref PMid:8461575

  • Kohlmeier L, Marcus R. Calcium disorders of pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1995 Mar; 24(1):15–39. PMid:7781623

  • Karlsson MK1, Ahlborg HG, Karlsson C. Female reproductive history and the skeleton- A review. BJOG. 2005 Jul; 112(7):851–6. Crossref PMid:15957983.


Abstract Views: 361

PDF Views: 182




  • Impact of Breastfeeding on Lactating Women Bone Health: A Survey Based Study in Northern Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract Views: 361  |  PDF Views: 182

Authors

Arwa Owayed Alanazi
Northern Border University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
Vijay R. Chidrawar
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
Bader Alsuwayt
Northern Border University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
Shruti Shiromwar
Northern Border University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rafha, Saudi Arabia

Abstract


Bone fitness is considered as an important public health problem especially in post-menopausal women. Numerous studies have investigated to understand beneficiary effects of mother milk on the baby but very few studies have been conducted to understand the effect of breastfeeding on the bone health of lactating women. We hypothesized that high calcium demand during pregnancy and lactation and low estrogenic state support may affect on the bone health immediately after child birth and later in the life. Based upon this theory we have conducted a survey based study in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia to assess the health status of the lactating mothers. Total 376 lactating mothers were interviewed during the period of 16 Nov 2016 to 23 March 2017. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was provided at their homes to collect information. The result revealed that among 376 participants, 7% complaining about generalized pain, 41% suffering from joint pain, 24%, suffering from lower back pain and 1% of mothers suffered from fracture. This survey highlights important but ignored aspect of the bone health of lactating women in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia. During pregnancy, women consume calcium supplements to satisfy their requirement of developing baby but after child birth, they stop calcium supplement though it's needed. Based upon this study we state that there is a need to prepare and follow guidelines for the use of calcium supplement for the lactating women to maintain bone health.

Keywords


Bone Health, Estrogen and Calcium, Lactation, Pregnancy.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/ajprhc%2F2017%2F18060