Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Ice Application on Pain Response Prior to Intravenous Procedures among Children at Tertiary Care Hospital


Affiliations
1 Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences, Karad District, Satara, Malkapur – 415539, Maharashtra, India
 

Children fear the most for pain from intravenous procedures during their hospitalization. The procedural pain is worse than the illness itself. Ice is a convenient topical refrigerant modality which can be used to reduce pain. The study was aimed to assess the pain response of children during intravenous procedures in experimental group and control group and the effectiveness of ice application on pain response during intravenous procedures among children and find association between pain score and selected demographic variables of children admitted in pediatric ward at Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Karad, Maharashtra, India. The study was two groups post-test only control group design. 60 children aged 6 -12 years were selected, 30 children in experimental and 30 in control group were the sample selected by Non probability purposive sampling technique. The result shows the mean pain score of experimental group was 0.66 and control group was 8.93. The unpaired t test value was 24.817 (p<0.01), showing significant difference was present between mean pain score level among children in control and experimental group as p value <0.05. No significant association between pain scores and selected demographic variables of children in control group was present, whereas pain scores with age of children (χ2 =8.816), gender of children (χ2 = 5), and weight of children (χ2 = 4.909) in experimental group had significant association. The study concluded that the ice application is a practical modality of choice, promote comfort and cost effective, means of reducing pain in children during intravenous procedures.


Keywords

Effectiveness, Ice Application, Intravenous, Pain Response, Procedures.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Moghaddam K, Moghaddam M, Sadeghmoghaddam L, Ahmadi F. The concept of hospitalization of children from the view point of parents and children. Iran J Pediatr. 2011 Jun; 21(2):201–8.

  • Srouji R, Ratnapalan S, Schneeweiss S. Pain in children: Assessment and nonpharmacological management. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2010; 2010:1–11. Crossref PMid:20706640 PMCid:PMC2913812

  • Scales K. Intravenous therapy: A guide to good practice. British Journal of Nursing. 2008; 17(Sup8):S4–S12.

  • Humphrey G, Boon C, van den Heuvell G, van den Wiel H. Fear of needles: An assessment of 200 children and adolescents. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 1991; 6(3):182. Crossref

  • Rostami S, Salsali M, Movahedi A, Keikhaee B, Moradi A. Effect of local refrigeration prior to venipuncture on pain related responses in school age children. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2006 Dec-2007 Feb; 24(2).

  • Jacobson AF. Intradermal normal saline solution, self selected music and insertion difficulty effect in IV insertion pain. Journal of Acute and Critical Care. 2000; 28(2):114– 22. Crossref PMid:10076111

  • Caty S, Ellerton M, Ritchie J. Use of a projective technique to assess young children’s appraisal and coping responses to a venipuncture. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing. 1997; 2(2):83–92. Crossref

  • Hicks C, von Baeyer C, Spafford P, van Korlaar I, Goodenough B. The faces pain scale- revised: Toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain. 2001; 93(2):173–83. Crossref

  • Goodenough B, Addicoat L, Champion G, McInerney M, Young B, Juniper K, et al. Pain in 4- to 6-year-old children receiving intramuscular injections: a comparison of the faces pain scale with other self-report and behavioral measures. The Clinical Journal of Pain. 1997; 13(1):60–73. Crossref PMid:9084953

  • Abbott K, Fowler-Kerry S. The use of a topical refrigerant anesthetic to reduce injection pain in children. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 1995; 10(8):584–90. Crossref

  • Hasanpour M, Tootoonchi M, Aein F, Yadegarfar G. The effects of two non-pharmacologic pain management methods for intramuscular injection pain in children. Acute Pain. 2006; 8(1):7–12. Crossref

  • Kuzu N, Ucar H. The effect of cold on the occurrence of bruising, haematoma and pain at the injection site in subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2001; 38(1):51–9. Crossref


Abstract Views: 593

PDF Views: 263




  • A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Ice Application on Pain Response Prior to Intravenous Procedures among Children at Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract Views: 593  |  PDF Views: 263

Authors

Neha Sunil Gaikwad
Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences, Karad District, Satara, Malkapur – 415539, Maharashtra, India
Prakash M. Naregal
Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences, Karad District, Satara, Malkapur – 415539, Maharashtra, India
Vaishali R. Mohite
Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences, Karad District, Satara, Malkapur – 415539, Maharashtra, India
Rajashri B. Karale
Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences, Karad District, Satara, Malkapur – 415539, Maharashtra, India

Abstract


Children fear the most for pain from intravenous procedures during their hospitalization. The procedural pain is worse than the illness itself. Ice is a convenient topical refrigerant modality which can be used to reduce pain. The study was aimed to assess the pain response of children during intravenous procedures in experimental group and control group and the effectiveness of ice application on pain response during intravenous procedures among children and find association between pain score and selected demographic variables of children admitted in pediatric ward at Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Karad, Maharashtra, India. The study was two groups post-test only control group design. 60 children aged 6 -12 years were selected, 30 children in experimental and 30 in control group were the sample selected by Non probability purposive sampling technique. The result shows the mean pain score of experimental group was 0.66 and control group was 8.93. The unpaired t test value was 24.817 (p<0.01), showing significant difference was present between mean pain score level among children in control and experimental group as p value <0.05. No significant association between pain scores and selected demographic variables of children in control group was present, whereas pain scores with age of children (χ2 =8.816), gender of children (χ2 = 5), and weight of children (χ2 = 4.909) in experimental group had significant association. The study concluded that the ice application is a practical modality of choice, promote comfort and cost effective, means of reducing pain in children during intravenous procedures.


Keywords


Effectiveness, Ice Application, Intravenous, Pain Response, Procedures.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/ajprhc%2F2017%2F15793