https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/issue/feed Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Dr. Mrs. Monika S. Daharwal avpublications@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <div id="i-scholerabout">Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (AJPTech.) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, devoted to pharmaceutical sciences.</div> https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218547 Solubilty Enhancement of Naproxen Sodium using Different Carriers by Solid Dispersion 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 S. Mogal Prasad prasadmogal8@gmail.com K. Surawase Rajendra In the existing study an attempt has been made to increase the in vitro dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug naproxen, by utilizing novel solid dispersion methods are one of the most auspicious methods to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug. naproxen sodium formulations were planned out by using melting method or fusion method, and using carrier like PVP-K30 and PEG4000. the formulation were planned out with the above-mentioned carriers in three different drug-carrier (w/w) ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. the prepared solid dispersion was subjected for percentage practical yield, drug content, and FTIR studies. absence of significant drug-carrier interaction was confirmed by FTIR data. in-vitro release profiles of all solid dispersions (SD1 to SD6) were analogously evaluated and also studied against pure naproxen sodium. solid dispersion of formulation (SD6) naproxen sodium and PVP-K30 combination planned out in (1:3) ratio showed excellent solubility and the dissolution rate was found to be 98.97% drug release at 24 min was chosen as the absolute best formulation in this study. solubility of naproxen sodium was increased as the concentration of carriers increased. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218548 Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Drotaverine HCl Mini Tablet 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Mohd Salman salman706687@gmail.com A. Qazi Majaz Abrarul Haq Khan Nayeem Shaikh Siraj The aim of present research was to develop a mini tablet of Drotaverine hydrocholoride. Mini tablets of Drotaverine hcl were prepared by using various polymers, such as gellan gum and carbopol 940. Mini tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, and in-vitro dissolution studies. The prepared mini tablets exhibited satisfactory physic-chemical characteristics. All prepared batches shown good in-vitro dissolution studies. The best result from optimized batches is of F5 which gives drug release 97.72% in 12 h time periods. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218550 Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablets of Resperidone 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Dasari Nirmala Vaddi Harika Muvvala Sudhakar The aim of present study was to formulation and evaluation of Mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Resperidone. Mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Resperidone were prepared by direct compression method using polymers such as Karaya gum, tamarind gum, carbopol, and Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. The Buccal tablets were evaluated for various physical, drug content uniformity, in-vitro drug release and drug- excipient interactions (FT-IR). FT-IR spectroscopic studies indicated that there were no drug-excipient interactions. The formulation F9 (containing 30mg of Carbopol) were found to be best formulation, which showed maximum drug release within 8 h. These formulations have showed good bioadhesion strength (18 gm). 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218553 Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of <I>Sesbania grandiflora</I> 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Shamali Dange shamalidange17@gmail.com Ravindra Jadhav Sunayana Vikhe There are around 60 global species including genus <em>Sesbania</em>, which are commonly available. The leaves of <em>Sesbania grandiflora</em> is used as local traditional medicine. Most of all parts of plant of <em>S. grandiflora</em> are used in traditional medicine as well as phytochemical investigations, seeds and roots of <em>Sesbania</em> <em>grandiflora</em> to provide scientific validation of its properties. The family of <em>Sesbania</em> <em>grandiflora</em> is fabaceae and is widely used as a traditional Indian medicine. The common name of plant <em>Sesbania grandiflora</em> is Agate, as well as crook wood. Various chemical constituents present in plant contain tannins, coumarone, steroids, tri-terpenes, iosflavanoids, isovestitol, and sativan and betulinic acid, flavanoid and medicarpin. The plant mainly use for colic disorder, jaundice, small pox, catarrh, headache, epilepsy. Flower juice is mainly used for eye disease 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218569 Novel Route of Inhaled Insulin for Diabetes Treatment 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Komal P. Kumbhar komalkumbhar143@gmail.com S. S. Suryawanshi Dr. Sachinkumar V. Patil Diabetes is a chronic condition characterised by insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia as a result. Microvascular and macrovascular disease are two types of diabetic complications that are affected by good diabetes management. Many diabetics rely on subcutaneous insulin injections or continuous infusions to keep their blood sugar levels under control. Insulin delivery via new routes Since the 1920s, subcutaneous insulin has been used to treat diabetes; nevertheless, despite a variety of formulations, intensive insulin therapy including many daily injections has not acquired universal clinical approval. The search for a successful, well-tolerated nonenteral method for delivering insulin began in the 1920s, and has included ocular, buccal, rectal, vaginal, and other routes. Given that insulin injection therapy is burdensome for many patients, novel insulin administration routes are of interest in the diabetes sector. The use of inhalation to administer insulin to the lungs will be discussed in this review. Inhaled insulin's safety as well as efficacy in contrast to subcutaneous insulin in diverse diabetic populations are discussed. Until recently, many researchers considered that noninvasively given insulin had too low a bioavailability to be useful in clinical practise. Inhaled insulin, on the other hand, appears to be an effective, well-tolerated, and noninvasive alternative to subcutaneous regular insulin, according to a growing body of research. Importantly, inhaled insulin has a more physiological insulin profile than injectable insulin. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218573 Immunomodulatory Activity of <I>Cestrum Nocturnum</I> - A Comprehensive Review 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Abhijit Sasmal abhi.sasmal2010@gmail.com Deeparani Urolagin deepaurolagin@gmail.com Immunomodulatory treatment is more often than not required beneath the conditions of impeded safe responsiveness and when the resistance components of have got to be actuated. In spite of the fact that customary immunomodulatory chemotherapy is accessible but it is so costly that it isn't more often than not reasonable to standard individuals with the socio-economic status. Subsequently, the balance of safe framework by conventional restorative plant items has gotten to be a subject matter for current logical examinations around the world. Night blossoming jasmine, botanically known as <em>Cestrum nocturnum</em> is an evergreen shrub that grows in tropical and sub-tropical locales all through the world. <em>Cestrum nocturnum</em> could be a most widespread plant due to its scent from the white blossoms. It is additionally developed as a therapeutic plant. The therapeutic properties of night sprouting jasmine incorporate antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidaemic, hepatoprotective, pain relieving, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-convulsant, anti-HIV and larvicidal exercises. The present paper reviews the immunomodulatory activity of the plant 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218575 Epidemiological Study on Complications of Diabetes and its Treatment Options 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 S. Sivaprasad sagiliprasad2003@gmail.com Diabetes is a major health hazard with its attendant acute and long-term complications. Globally type-2 diabetes were 15.1 million in 2000. The number of people with diabetes worldwide is projected to increase to 36.6 million by 2030. Diabetes incidence is higher in developing countries than developed countries. A physician’s based study was carried out in 4 Rayalaseema districts, Kadapa, Anantapuramu, Kurnool and Chittor. About 100 physicians who include Diabetologists, Cardiologists and General Physicians were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to determine the prevalence of diabetic complications and their possible treatment options. Physicians responded that about 46% of the diabetic population was having associated complications like diabetic hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot. Among those females showing a significantly higher prevalence than males. Among the diabetics, the prevalence of diabetic hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic foot, diabetic gastroparesis and diabetic retinopathy were 30%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 8% and 7% of the patients respectively. The prevalence of the diabetes and its associated complications were increased with age and duration of the diabetes. All the diabetic populations need to be treated with suitable prevention and control strategies. As the prevention is better than cure community programmes need to be implemented to create the awareness among the diabetic population. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218576 Mucormycosis: A Lethal Disease 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Pawan N. Karwa Karwapawan99@gmail.com Jyoti K. Soundarmal Pallavi S. Shinde Swapna R. Jalde Mucormycosis is an emerging infection associated with high mortality. These fungi are very common molds to which exposure is probably quite frequent, still, clinical disease is rare and affects severely immunocompromised patients or patients with diabetes mellitus. Mucormycosis is manifested by a wide variety of syndromes, devastating rhino-orbitalcerebral and pulmonary infections are the major presentation. The diagnosis of mucormycosis relies upon the identification of organisms in tissue, however culture often yields no growth. Mucormycosis are serious infections caused by filamentous fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Recent reclassification has abolished the order Zygomycetes and placed the order Mucorales in the subphylum Mucormycotina. We report five cases of mucormycosis of patients hospitalized, In 2021. They were 4 males and 1 female, mean age 60 years. All patients were treated with amphotericin B and posiconazole. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218579 A Review on Emerging Oral Dosage Forms which Helps to bypass the Hepatic First Pass Metabolism 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Vishal Mahanur vbmahanur@gmail.com Rahul Rajge Mukund Tawar The initial pass metabolism or pre-circulatory system is a metabolic process in which the concentration of the drug is significantly reduced or shortened in the liver before it reaches the circulatory system. A fraction of the drug lost in the entire absorption process is often associated with the liver and skin wall. Oral delivery, the simplest form of drug management has its limitations, most of which are the low availability of drugs due to the first internal organ passing through metabolism. Drugs with low bioavailability need to be administered at a better dose as a small fraction of the controlled dose is injected into the bloodstream and reaches the target. Therefore, the worst dose of the drug is destroyed and the unauthorized drug ends up having unwanted side effects within the canal. Various forms of oral contraceptives are used. The current review focuses on the importance of passing the first hepatic pass, the biological findings, the reasons for the negative findings and the various methods used to skip the initial hepatic pass metabolism. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218583 A Short Review on Synthetic Methodologies of Flavonoids 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Mufliha Murtaza Affifa Tajammal Muhammad Hamza Ashfaq hamzaashfaqchaudhary@gmail.com Waqar Mirza Ansa Nazir Iram Hanif Flavonoids are the pigments present in plants which mostly found in terrestrial plants. Flavonoids are indeed a naturally present group of polyphenolic compounds present in plants. They were driven by the term "flavus," which means "yellow." It is a 15-carbon skeleton compound. They have fused aromatic ring and benzopyran heterocyclic ring having oxygen atom in it along with phenyl substituent. They are synthesized from Phenylalanine. In cereals and Herbs, they are mainly found. Flavonoids are compounds that are biologically active. They provide color and protection from ultraviolet rays. They have many classes based upon oxidative status, number, and types of substituents present. Flavonoids exist naturally in the form of polymers, most commonly in dimers form. They occur primarily in β-glycosides form except for Catechins. They can help in the inhibition of enzymes and stimulate some hormones along with some neurotransmitters. They also show the properties of scavenging free radicals. They can inhibit or kill many bacterial strains, viral enzymes, and pathogenic protozoans. There are various techniques and methods for the synthesis of natural products artificially. In the present study, we have attempted to cover different synthetic methods for flavonoid synthesis to find its best way to synthesize. It was concluded that Baker &amp; Venkatraman synthesis and Claisen-Schmidt condensation are well-known methods used to synthesize flavonoids. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218585 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Global Threat 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Subhashis Debnath subhashis.ooty@gmail.com Jaya Saha Coronavirus (CoVs) is a type of enveloped RNA virus that is found in animals and humans. There are near about six different species of CoVs are available and all of them can cause different health issue to human. In human this virus can effect respiratory, hepatic, enteric and neurological system. The past Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has been transmitted from animal to human. Presently there is a new strain of corona virus, named SARS-CoV-2, causing serious health crises to human. This virus is highly contagious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic of COVID-19. The number of infected people and death caused by COVID-19 is increasing day by day. This review will provide a detailed overview of COVID-19 and its serious effect to the human health. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218588 Nanosponges - Overview 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Rajkumar Prasad Yadav razzzz842@gmail.com F. R. Sheeba New technologies, prospects and scope, which are expected to have major applications in disease diagnostics and therapeutics, are introduced in the most emerging branch of pharmaceutical sciences known as Pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology comprised of nano-sized products and which can be transformed in numerous ways to improve their characteristics. A Nanosponge is a novel and emerging technology, which offers targeted and controlled drug delivery for topical as well as oral use. The tiny sponges will circulate around the body. They touch and adhere to the surface of the particular target site and begin to release the drug in a regulated and predictable way. Since, the medication can be released at the specific target site rather than circulating around the body. It would be more effective for a specific dose given. The aqueous solubility of these sponges is another significant characteristic. This enables the efficient use of these systems for drugs with poor solubility. Both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic drugs can be loaded into nanosponges. Nanosponges drug delivery system has emerged as one of the most promising areas of life sciences. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218590 Overview of Pharmacognostical and Pharmacological Properties of <I>Moringa oleifera</I> 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Sneha Mali snehamali890@gmail.com Sonam Bendre Shital Patil <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (family <em>Moringaceae</em>) is one of the widely cultivated plant in India. <em>Moringa oleifera</em> is widely known as drumstick tree. This plant contains various nutritional properties such as it is a rich source of Vitamins (A and C) as well as it contains lots of minerals (Ca, P, K, Fe, Cu, S, Mg) etc. Every single part of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> plant comprises a valuable medicinal feature. From Past two decades, several reports have been published which describes nutritional and medicinal properties of this plant. <em>Moringa oleifera</em> are well-known for their valuable pharmacological action such as anti-fertility, anti-microbial, anti-asthmatic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic activity and many more. Most of biological of activities of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> is caused by their presence of huge amount of flavonoids, glycosides, as well as glucosinolates. The purpose of this review is to provide all the essential Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical as well as Pharmacological information of <em>Moringa oleifera</em>. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajpt/article/view/218592 A Review: E-Pharmacy Vs Conventional Pharmacy 2023-02-24T08:56:02+00:00 Priti B. Savant preetisawant409@gmail.com Manjusha S. Kareppa Pharmaceutical industry in India is the third largest and fastest developing industry in India. An E-Pharmacy is a pharmacy that operates over the internet by selling drugs, medicines and sending them to the customers. Internet making all the things easy and convenient. Patients can now buy use of prescription of registered medical practitioner order the medicines via use of internet and receive them at their own doorsteps. Online pharmacy is one of the technology advancement in creating huge demand in the upcoming days. Though it is convenient to buy drugs online as it causes high risk of selfmedication and misuse of drugs especially coming under the schedule H and X, so to overcome these risks local pharmacy may be preferred. In this article we have discussed about difference between the E-pharmacy and conventional pharmacy. According to D and C act 1940 state that do not sell the drug like schedule X and schedule H drugs without prescription and without consent to the physician if pharmacist have doubt about the prescription. There are so many advantages of this facilities e-pharmacy on online pharmacy like as the cost effectiveness, free home deliver, instance serves, 24 X 7 availability. Similarly, when the technology is used for medical purposes, it gives rise to medico legal and techno legal issues with it. As when we deal with medicine there are number of drugs which are under schedule ‘H’ and schedule ‘X ‘. When this kind of medicines gets easily available then, obviously it will results into the wrong practice of the medication. This review article emphasize on e-pharmacy vs conventional pharmacy i.e. what is e-pharmacy, how does work is it safe today, online pharmacy is a boon or bane, what is conventional pharmacy Difference between online pharmacy and conventional pharmacy. etc. 2022-03-30T00:00:00+00:00