Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps <div id="i-scholarabout">Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (AJPSci) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, devoted to pharmaceutical sciences.</div> A & V Publications en-US Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2231-5640 Evaluation of Polyherbal preparation of Livina against Ethanol Induced Liver Dysfunction https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219432 The present study was performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ployherbal preparation of livina against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Four groups of adult albino wistar rats were taken for the study. Rats were divided into four groups each containing 6 animals. Group first is normal group received the normal saline 10ml/kg for 21th days. Group second negative control this group received ethanol 12ml/kg bw per day is standard dose of this group is Silymarin (100mg/kg) daily for 21th days and in 21th day administered ethanol. Group third is standard dose of this group is Silymarin (100mg/kg) daily for 21th days and in 21th day administered ethanol. Silymarin and ethanol is administered orally. Fourth group is treated with ethanol + livina (Herbal capsule). The level of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase Test (SGPT), Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase Test (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were determined to assay hepatotoxicity. Ethanol administration caused severe hepatic damage in rats as evidenced by elevated serum SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin levels. The polyherbal preparation of livina and silymarin administration prevented the toxic effect of ethanol. The present study concludes polyherbal preparation of livina that has significant hepatoprotective activity against ethanol induced hepatotoxicity, which may be associated with its bioactive component. Tariq Ahmad Khan Rajesh Singh Pawar Hargovind Garg 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Formulation Development and Evaluation of a Novel Emulsion Composition Embracing Aspirin and Glycerol in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219434 An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes. Ischemic stroke can be treated by using Antiplatelet drug such as aspirin as an immediate treatment which may prevent blood clots and improve recovery after stroke. Glycerol is also used as it decreases the edema in ischemic stroke. The aim of the present investigation is to develop a novel formulation of oil in Glycerol emulsion comprising aspirin in the treatment of ischemic stroke and in vitro evaluation. The oil in glycerol emulsion was prepared by high shear homogenization and prepared emulsions were evaluated for particle size, drug content, in vitro drug release and stability. Based on log P values of aspirin, olive oil is selected as oil phase and tween 80 was used as emulsifying agent. Total 10 formulations F1to F10 were prepared and among these, in F1-F6 phase separation was observed within 24 hrs whereas F8 to F10 were stable for one week and later creaming was observed and it is re-dispersible. The particle size was determined by optical microscopy and the average particle size for F8, F9 and F10 were 6.04, 3.38 and 7.8 μm respectively. Drug content was determined as 68±3.95%,108±5.816%, 103±4.61% respectively in compositions F8, F9 and F10. Rate of drug release followed first order kinetics and an immediate burst release effect was observed within 15 minutes. It is concluded that olive oil and glycerol emulsions containing aspirin is prepared successfully and evaluated. It is a promising formulation approach for co administration of aspirin and glycerol in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The formulations were physically and chemically stable. In vivo application of this formulation will be done in suitable animal models in future. Koteswari Poluri Swetha Tippani Laxmi Prasanna P Swapna Saha Akshitha D Sana Saneela 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Development of Solid Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Quercetin https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219436 This work aims to develop Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Quercetin for enhancing its bioavailability. From the perspective of dosage forms, Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System mean solid dosage forms with self-emulsification properties. Liquid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System containing 15 mg/ml of Quercetin was prepared and converted to Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System by adsorption onto various solid carriers. Based on micromeritic properties and drug content analysis Aerosil ® 200 was selected as the adsorbent for development of Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Quercetin.Various formulation were prepared by variying amounts of the components and optimized fornulation showed particle size of 264.2 nm and drug content of 93.95 %.Optimized Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Quercetin showed good self emulsification ,absence of interactions(FTIR analyis), solubilization of the drug in the mixture (DSC and XRD analysis)and smooth surface (SEM analysis ) . In-vitro drug release of Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Quercetin revealed percentage drug release of 99.70±0.227% within 30 min . Results of the study indicates the Solid Self emulsification technique is a promising approach for development of stable dosage form of drugs with poor oral absorption. Roma Mathew Joyamma Varkey 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Simultaneous Estimation of Amoxycillin and Potassium Clavulanate in Injection Formulation by RP-HPLC https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219437 Amoxycillin (AMX) and Potassium clavulanate (PTC) are proven for their therapeutic benefits to treats various diseases. AMX and PTC are proven for their therapeutic benefits to treat various diseases. Due to their synergistic actions, a rapid and specific RP-HPLC method was processed and validated as per ICH guidelines. The chromatographic separation was performed with Inertsil 5μ, 250 mm X 4.6 mm, C-18 HPLC column by using phosphate buffer: methanol (80:20) as mobile phase, at 1mL/min of flow rate and 220nm m. The absorption maxima were found to be 246.6 nm for AMX and 257.6 nm for PTC in 0.1M NaOH used as the solvent. The linearity for these drugs at the selected wavelengths lies between 5-200 μg/ml for AMX and 5-200 μg/ml for PTC. Accuracy was determined by recovery study from injection dosages forms were found to be 99.352 for AMX and 99.533 for PTC. Precision of method was determined as repeatability, day to day and analyst to analyst variation and a show the value within acceptable limit i.e. R.S.D was found to be less than 2 percent). Adarsh Kumar Pathak Dr. Akhilesh Gupta 2023-07-01 2023-07-01 12 Detection of Ganja and Nicotine Admixture by a New System https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219447 Drug abuse has become more prevalent in India. Smokers mix Ganja (marijuana) along with tobacco in the cigarettes or cigars. Necessity has arisen at this juncture to separately locate Ganja in the admixture of Tobacco and Ganja. The present work envisages a new developing as well as identification method for separating Ganja from Tobacco by Thin Layer chromatography simultaneously in the same plate. Kamalakshi Krishnamurthy Thant Zin K. Priyamvatha Mahadeva Rao U.S Suganya M. 2023-07-01 2023-07-01 12 Tinospora cordifolia, a reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: A Review https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219462 Ayurvedic Unani Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) are the traditional system of medicines which have been practice in a great amount. Tinospora cordifolia belongs to woodely climbing shrub which widely distributed throughout India, China and Africa etc. Its common name is Amrita and Gudachi belongs to family Menispermaceae. The root, stem and leaves of plants have main pharmaceutical significance various phyto active compounds it involves alkaloids steroids glycoside lactones polysaccharides are present in different parts of the Tinospora cordifolia. Sable Akash Jadhav S. L. Kamble S C. 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Therapeutics of microneedling for skin repair https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219463 The microneedling technique was initially introduced for skin rejuvenation in cosmetology. The technique is minimally invasive and therefore explored for the treatment of multiple dermatological conditions. High effectiveness, very less side effects and quick recovery time are the benefits of skin microneedling as a cosmetic, and medical treatment. Over the last two decades, the applications of microneedling in skin science have grown drastically. The technique is effective in the treatment of acne scar, vitiligo, alopecia, melasma, and skin cancer. The current review focuses on the cosmetic as well as therapeutic applications of microneedling for the treatment of various skin problems. Nagaraja Sreeharsha Mazen AL gharsan 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Pharmacovigilance programme in India (PvPI): History, Current scenario, future aspects and role in COVID 19 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219464 According to WHO, Pharmacovigilance (PV) is characterized as the science and exercises identifying with the recognition, appraisal, comprehension and anticipation of unfavourable impacts or some other medication related issue. It is an important part of our medication guideline framework. As we know, India is the world's second most populated country with very nearly one billion dynamic and potential medication buyers and clients. Though our country is participating in Uppsala Monitoring Centre, its obligation to that data base is by and pretty much nothing. This issue is due to the lack of proper ADR (Adverse drug reaction) monitoring system and awareness among associates of medicines and health workers. PV program mainly aims for patient care, patient safety and monitoring of adverse drug reaction. For the accurate practice of PV in India, there are need of more clinical preliminaries and clinical examinations. For the safe and sensible use of medication, a perfectly working PV system is mandatory. PV will be invaluable in India not only for medical services experts, regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical organizations but also for the consumers to screen the medicines. This article gives a methodical audit of the pharmacovigilance program in India (PvPI) from its starting point to the current situation and furthermore examines the future parts of pharmacovigilance program in India. Sangeet Kumar Mall Priti Dipa Shambaditya Goswami Prashant Singh Ravindra Pal Singh 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 A Overview on Nanosponges https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219465 The solid porous particles have a nanocavity structure in which drugs are encapsulated known as nanosponges. There are five types of nanosponges. Nanosponges size varies from 1um and less than 1 um. Nanosponges are stable at high temperatures. It has high drug loading capacity. Nanosponges formulation overcomes stability, delayed-release activity, and solubility-related problems. Nanosponges can deliver the drug through oral, parenteral, and topical routes. The current review focuses on nanosponges in drug delivery systems including their synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications. Vaishnavi G. Gole S L Patwekar Ankush Doiphode Ashwini Rode Suleman Shaikh 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Thiocolchicoside: An Updated Review https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219466 Thiocolchicoside is a most common used muscle relaxant in the case of treating acute painful muscle spasms. It has a selective affinity for the inhibitory gamma-amino butyric acid and glycinergic receptors, although, the proper pathway of the muscle relaxation is unknown till the date. This drug should be strictly prohibited in the patients causing seizures. The recent studies done by the European medicines agency says that it causes aneuploidy which leads to use of the drug for limited time period which was earlier considered safe. Aneuploidy is a common chromosome disorder occurring in the humans, which leads to genetic cause of miscarriage, congenital birth defects and reduced fertility in men. During pregnancy, in breastfeeding and in children below 16 years, Thiocolchicoside is contraindicated. Sushant Bhamburkar Shubham Khandare Swanand Patharkar Saurabh Thakare 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 A Review on: Polycystic Ovarian Disorder https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219515 Polycystic ovary disorder (PCOD) is hormonal disorder among reproductive-age women. Causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges in patients with PCOD, the secretion rate and metabolism of androgens and estrogens are disrupted. The pathophysiology of the syndrome is complex and there is no single defect from which it is known to result, it is hypothesized that insulin resistance is a key factor. With regards to the increasing prevalence of PCOD and associated mental and physical problemsas well as the effects of changes in sex hormones in development of this disease, our aim is to investigate the effects of synthetic drug and herbal drug in the serum levels of sex hormones and ovarian tissue. Several Pharmacological studies have described the use of various Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their constituents play the important role for the treatment of PCOD.Therefore, this drug can be partly effective in this syndrome via affecting the different hormones and serum levels of ovarian morphology, weight and representing an opportunity to investigate and discovery new bioactive products. This review discussed some synthetic and herbal drug which has the potential for the treatment of PCOD Omkar A Devade Rohan D. Londhe Nisarga V. Sokate Utkarsha R Randave Pallavi A Ranpise 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Post covid calamity- Mucormycosis: An overview https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219517 Corona virus disease (Covid-19) it had declared an emergency global pandemic1,2,3 that cause terrible effects on respiratory system and killing more than half billion lives.4,5,6 Diabetes has been reported as a risk factor for mucormycosis in 73.5% of cases in India.7 People with diabetes and obesity tend to develop more severe Covid-19 infections. This means they're more expected to take corticosteroids, which are frequently used to treat Covid-19. But the corticosteroids along with diabetes increase the risk of mucormycosis because it has been observed that peoples are affected with mucormycosis due to weekend immunity. Even a short course of steroid (5-14 days) results in mucormycosis.8 Mucormycosis, colloquially known as black fungus, is an infection from the mucormycetes group of fungi. The virus that causes Covid-19 can damage lung tissue and blood vessels, which could also increase susceptibility to different fungal infection. brain, causing headaches or seizures. So, damage to tissue and blood vessels from Covid-19 infection, treatment with corticosteroids, high background rates of diabetes in the population most brutally affected by the coronavirus are also getting affected by life threating fungal infection called as mucormycosis. Several methods have deferred the mortality but still have a challenge in curing mucorales. Poonam Patil Rutuja Shah Anwar Shaikh Smita Nayak Vaidhun Bhaskar 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Review on: Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219518 About 40% of newly discovered chemicals are lipophilic, and because of their poor solubility in water they are unable to reach the market due to their solubility in water. Solubility is one of the limitations of the oral medication regimen to obtain its required concentration in the circulatory system in order to respond scientifically. There are various techniques used to improve melting point such as, Solid dispersion, micronization, Salt formation, Inclusion complexation are some mostly use techniques Novel approaches such as nano-suspension, supercritical processing, and cryogenic technologies may improve the delivery of poorly soluble medications. One of the most challenging parts of formulation creation is drug solubility behavior. M H Markad S D Mankar 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 A Overview on Nanoemulsion https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219520 Nanoemulsions are colloidal emulsions made up of two immiscible liquids, one of which is scattered and the other continuous. Nanoemulsions are two types W/O and O/W. Nanoemulsion are size varies from 20 to 200nm. Nanoemulsions are thermodynamically stable. Emulsifiers are stabilised nanoemulsion. There are two types of emulsifiers: one is hydrophilic and the other is lipophilic. Nanoemulsion is widely used in food industry, beverages, agriculture, bio-pharmaceutical, dairy products. Nanoemulsion widely prepared by using high energy or brute force comprising ultra sonication and ultra high pressure homogenizer and low energy or persuasion method compressing both phase inversion composition (PIC) and the phase inversion temperature (PIT). Newly a developed method used as preparation of nanoemulsion bubble bursting, micro- fluidization and evaporative ripening. The aim of review a article focusing on to preparation method characterization application of nanoemulsion. Doiphode Ankush R Patwekar S. L Guhade Namdev Vaishnavi Gole Ashwini Rode Suleman Shaikh 2023-07-01 2023-07-01 12 Discovery of a new Drug: A Fundamental Review Rakesh Kumar https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219521 The discovery of a new drug started with drug’s compounds derived from natural sources (animals, plants, microorganisms or marine sources) or compounds are synthesized in the laboratory. The Researchers insight into a disease process and design a product to stop or reverse the effects of the disease. Now study the Existing treatments followed by new technologies make drug to target specific sites. Once researchers identify a promising compound then a series of experiments conducted. How it is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted, best dose, best way to deliver, side effects, effectiveness and mechanism of action. q Rakesh Kumar 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 12 Current Perspective of Fungi - A Review https://i-scholar.in/index.php/Ajrps/article/view/219522 Fungi are everywhere, in forest and fields in soils, in our buildings and in the biotech corporation. Fungi are a source of food and fascination to people. Fungi feed by digesting materials produced by animals and plants. Fungi have evolved remarkable metabolic versatility for utilizing diverse nutrient substrates for growth in their saprophytic, symbiotic and pathogenic lifestyles. Fungi regulate their metabolism according to environmental nutrient availability through elaborate transcription regulatory programs. The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes improved the dimensions and complexity of organisms, allowing them to exploit the terrestrial habitat. Fungi first advanced water however made the transition to the land through the development of specialized structures that prevented they’re drying out. First categorized as vegetation, fungi are now taken into consideration one of kind sufficient from plants to be located in a separate country and actually are greater like animals than plants. According to the current view animals occupy one of the seven or eight major branches of eukaryote life. S D. Mankar Shrutika Vikhe Tanishka Pawar S B Bhawar 12