An Asian Journal of Soil Science

Biswa Ranjan Nayak ¹, P. K. Samanta ², A. K. Dash ², S. k. Swain ³

Affiliations
1 All India Co-ordinate Research Project on Water Management, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, College of Agriculture, Chiplima (OUAT), Sambalpur (ODHISHA), IN
2 India Co-ordinate Research Project on Water Management, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, College of Agriculture, Chiplima (OUAT), Sambalpur (ODHISHA), IN
3 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology,Bhubaneshwar (ODHISHA), IN

Abstract

No abstract

Keywords

Fym, Nitrogen, Plant Spacing, Yield, Solid Row.

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D. Jena ¹, S. C. Nayak ¹, A. K. Dash ¹, B. Mohanty ¹, B. Jena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in an iron toxic soil (Aeric Haplaquept) to study the effect of fly ash, lime, potash, zinc and manganese on yield and iron content of rice plant. Symptoms of iron toxicity were appeared at 25-30 days after transplanting (DAT) and bronzing symptoms were scored as per IRRI standards (1-6 scale). The score values ranged from 3-8 in susceptible Jajati variety and from 1-3 in tolerant Mahsuri variety. The mean grain yield and iron concentration in leaf ranged from 19.04 to 24.29 q ha^-1 and 719.10-936.85 ppm, respectively with application of NPK only (control). By application of different soil amendments the grain yield increased by 10.93 to 63.95 per cent and iron content in plant reduced by 2.73 to 43.04 per cent over control. Among the soil amendments lime and zinc were found superior to other soil amendments. However, fly ash, a by product of thermal power plant with high silica content can be used as a low cost amendment for correction of iron toxicity.

Keywords

Iron Toxicity, Tolerance to Iron, Soil Amendments, Integrated Approach.

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D. Jena ¹, A. K. Dash ¹, K. K. Bandyopadhayay ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN
2 Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Marutha Mallain Main Road, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in the Research Farm of the Regional Research Station, Motto of North Eastern Coastal plain zone of Orissa to study the performance of different forms of urea viz., Prilled Urea (PU), Nimin Coated Prilled Urea (NCPU), Urea Super Granule (USG) and combination of both USG and PU on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. Results revealed that application of 57 kg N ha^-1 as USG at 7 Days after transplanting (DAT) and 19 kg N ha^-1 as PU at PI stage resulted in maximum grain and straw yields, maximum N uptake and agronomic N use efficiency. Application of USG 57 and 76 kg N ha^-1 registered significantly higher grain yield over PU by 26% and 18%, respectively. Application of NCPU and USG improved the N uptake, agronomic N use efficiency and apparent N recovery over PU application.

Keywords

Urea Super Granule, Nimin Coated Prilled Urea, Prilled Urea, Nitrogen Use Efficiency.

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A. K. Dash ¹, B. Mohanty ¹, B. Jena ¹, S. K. Mukhi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in the lateritic soils of Bhubaneswar to study the effect of lime and boron on yield and nutrient content of cabbage. The results revealed that liming and boron (B) application has significant effect on cabbage yield, which varied between 39.9 to 62. t ha^-1. Highest significant yield of 62.11 t ha-1 was obtained with 0.2 lime requirement (LR) + B @ 2 kg ha^-1). The yield of cabbage increased with levels of lime up to 0.2 LR but thereafter it declined at 0.3 LR. With application of lime the cabbage yield was increased by 21 to 31% over control (L₀B₀) at 0.1 LR to 0.2 LR. With application of B there was increase in yield by 16 and 22 % over control at boron 1 kg (B₁) and boron 2 (B₂) kg levels, respectively although the yield at B₁ and B₂ were non-significant. With application of lime the pH of the post-harvest soil increased. On the other hand with application of B the pH was decreased as compared to no B treatment. The available B content in post harvest soil was decreased in B₀ treatments. The quality parameters like protein, ascorbic acid and carbohydrate content of cabbage were increased with increasing levels of B and lime. After harvest of the cabbage, okra was grown in residual lime and boron. Recommended dose of chemical fertilizer was applied to all treatments. There was difference in the pod yield due to residual effect of lime and boron. The pod yield was increased by 5-10% under residual lime and 2-6% under residual B treatment over L₀B₀. cabbage responded to lime and B application. There was synergistic effect of lime x boron on cabbage, which was found significant and promising. Liming @ 0.2 LR and B @ 2 kg/ha increased cabbage yield by 31% over control. The yield of succeeding okra crop increased by 5-10% under residual lime and 2-6% under residual B treatment over L₀B₀.

Keywords

Cabbage, Lime, Boron, Cropping System.

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D. Jena ¹, A. K. Dash ², R. Yerra ¹, B. Mohanty ¹, B. Jena ¹, S. K. Mukhi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN

Abstract

Sewage water of Bhubaneswar city is being used as a source of irrigation in E-block of Central Farm, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar for cultivation of different crops since last three decades. A study was carried during 2005 to characterise sewage water (SW) and its impact on soil properties, essential nutrients and heavy metal content in leaf of crop plants. Sewage water samples, sewage water irrigated soils and leaf of plants of rice, mustard, sunflower, maize, tomato, grain amaranthus, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, lady’s finger and water hyacinth(sewage channel) were collected and analysed for different plant nutrients and heavy metals. The data revealed that SW samples were non saline, acidic in reaction (pH 6.5-6.89) and had optimal level of BOD (48-55 mgl^-1) and COD (90 -105 mg l ^-1).The concentration of cations were in the order of Ca >Mg >Na >K. Residual sodium carbonate was nil. Based on SAR and EC rating, SW belonged to C1S1 category. Concentration of NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄, Zn and B ranged from 48.3-52.6, 8.1-8.3, 2.4-2.5, 1.5-2.5 and 0.7-0.75 mgl^-1, respectively. Concentration of heavy metals was in the order of As > Pb >Hg >Ni >Co > Cd >Se. Available N, P₂O₅, K₂O and SO₄-S content of sewage water irrigated soils were higher than normal soil. The DTPA extractable Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo and B ranged between 63.3 to 122.2,13.4 to 62.6, 3.6 to 44.7 ,2.4 to 11.6, 3.8 to 4.0 and 0.52 to 1.15 mgl^-1 in SW soils and 60.6,15.1,0.8 ,0.8,0.6 and 0.52 mgl^-1 in normal soil, respectively. DTPA extractable heavy metals in SW soils were in order of As >Se > Pb > Cr >Ni >Hg > Cd. The leaf of crop plants grown in SW soils had toxic amounts of Fe, B and Mo. Toxic concentration of Zn and Cu were present in cabbage and cauliflower only. The concentration of Cd, Pb and Cr in rice, mustard, sunflower, maize, tomato, grain amaranthus, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal and lady’s finger were below upper level of phytotoxicity. Maximum accumulation of Co and Hg was in cabbage and cauliflower. Grain amaranthus and water hyacinth contained higher amount of Ni and Se. Contents of heavy metals in leaf of crops grown in normal soils were lower than SW irrigated soils. Based on ISI standard, it is recommended to use sewage water of Bhubaneswar for irrigation after pre-treatment.

Keywords

Sewage Water, Sewage Irrigated Soils, Micronutrients, Heavy Metals.

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H. K. Senapati ¹, A. K. Dash ², G. H. Santra ², B. Mohanty ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Orissa), IN

Abstract

The long term fertilizer experiment was designed in Aeric Haplaquept of Bhubaneswar, Orissa with rice-rice cropping system. The treatments comprised of 100% N, NP, NPK (with and without S, Zn, FYM and Weedcide) 50 % and 150 % NPK along with control (no fertilizer) and an additional treatments receiving lime+NPK (based on soil test). In the preceding years substantial yield reductions of kharif rice were observed in the treatment receiving either to K or low rates of K application. Moreover, K balance sheet was found to be negative in all the treatments. In spite of negative K balance there was gain of NH₄OAC extractable K from 10 to 30 kg ha^-1 and loss of non exchangeable K from 17 to 121 kg ha^-1 in all the treatments over initial value. Equilibrium activity ratio (AR Ke) was found to be the lowest 1.2 x 10^-3 (M/l)^1/2 in 100 % NP and highest (3.2 x 10^-3 (M/L)^1/2 in 150 % NPK treatment. Potential building capacity (PBC-K) was highest in the treatment receiving lime + NPK (soil test). Labile K (-DKe) was lowest (2.2 x 10^-2 meq/100 g) in 100 % NP treatment as against 3.4 x 10^-2 meq/100 g in the treatments receiving lime + NPK (soil test). K/N ratio of plant was much lower at the PI stage and also decreased with increasing levels of NPK which showed that K availability was not in proportion to availability of N. K/Fe ratio increased 2 to 3 fold and there was also increase of Mn/Fe ratio of PI stage with increasing levels of K. Variations in K content in plant were found to be significantly related to the variation in equilibrium concentration of K, ARKe, NH₄ OAC-K and HNO₃-K. Fe content in plant decreased with increasing levels of K application. Yields were significantly higher with higher levels of K.

Keywords

Long Term Fertilizer Use, K Nutrition, Rice-Rice Cropping System, Rice Yield.

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