Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
India’s Biodiesel Programme: A Pathway for Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Employment Generation and Inclusiveness
Subscribe/Renew Journal
This paper seeks to address whether India’s biodiesel programme would create sustainable entrepreneurship opportunities in the long run, whether it is inclusive in nature and what would be its impact in terms of employment generation. Using the available primary and secondary evidences it is estimated that a 20 per cent biofuel blending through domestic feedstock production would create up to 14.45 million sustainable entrepreneurs, primarily micro and small entrepreneurs, and 331.17 million man-days, mostly for unskilled or semi-skilled people, per year by 2025. The two most important factors that restrain the success of the programme are uncertainties in yield and fluctuating seed prices for the farmers as the latter is linked to global crude prices. It suggests fixing minimum support prices for seeds and stabilising yield at a higher level through R&D, particularly with the Government initiatives.
Keywords
No Keywords.
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Abila, N. (2010), Biofuels Adoption in Nigeria: A Preliminary Review of Feedstock and Fuel Production Potentials, Manag Environ Qual Int J, 21(6): 785–795, http: //dx.doi.org/10.1108/ 14777831011077646.
- Achten, W.M.J., L. Verchot, Y.J. Franken, E. Mathijs, V.P. Singh and R. Aerts (2008), Jatropha Bio Diesel Production and Use, Biomass and Bioenergy, 32(8): 1063–1084.
- Asian Development Bank (2011), India: Study on Cross-Sectoral Implications of Biofuel Production and Use, Project Number: 42525, Delhi, January.
- Belz, F.M. and J.K. Binder (2015), Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Convergent Process Model, Business Strategy and the Environment, Published online in Wiley Online Library, DOI: 10.1002/bse.1887.
- Biswas, P.K., Sanjib Pohit and R. Kumar (2010), Biodiesel from Jatropha: Can India Meet the 20 per cent Blending Target?, Energy Policy, 38(3): 1477–1484.
- Burley, H. and A. Bebb (2009), Losing the Plot: The Threats to Community Land and the Rural Poor through the Spread of the Biofuel Jatropha in India, Friends of the Earth Europe, https://www.stopogm.net/sites/stopogm.net/files/webfm/plataforma/LosingPlot.pdf (accessed on 18.02.2019)
- Choi, D. and E. Gray (2008), The Venture Development Process of “Sustainable” Entrepreneurs Management Research News, 31(8): 558-569.
- Cohen, B., B. Smith and R. Mitchell (2008), Toward a Sustainable Conceptualization of Dependent Variables in Entrepreneurship Research, Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(2): 107–119, counterview.org, dated 05.10.2016 (accessed on 10.04.2017).
- Crals, E. and L. Vereeck (2005), The Affordability of Sustainable Entrepreneurship Certification for SMEs, International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 12(2): 173-183.
- Daey, Ouwens K., G. Francis, Y.J. Franken, et. al. (2007), Position Paper on Jatropha Curcas, State of the Art, Small and Large Scale Project Development, Fact Foundation, 2007.
- Deokar, B.K. and S.L. Shetty (2014), Responding to Policy Initiatives since 2004-05: Growth in Indian Agriculture, Economic and Political Weekly, 49(26-27): 101-104, 28 June, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35136.64008
- Dyllick, T. and K. Hockerts (2002), Beyond the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability, Business Strategy and the Environment, 11(2): 130–141.
- Elkington, J. (1997), Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business, Capstone: Oxford, UK.
- Ernsting, A. (2007), Agrofuels in Asia—Fuelling Poverty, Conflict, Deforestation and Climate Change, Seedling, 18(3): 25–33.
- Estrin, A.N. (2009), Development of the Jatropha Cultivation and Biodiesel Production: Case Study of Karnataka State, India, PhD Thesis, Imperial College London.
- Francis, G., R. Edinger and K. Becker (2005), A Concept for Simultaneous Wasteland Reclamation, Fuel Production, and Socio-Economic Development in Degraded Areas in India: Need, Potential and Perspectives of Jatropha Plantations, Natural Resources Forum, 29(1): 12-24.
- GEXSI (2008), Global Market Study on Jatropha – Final Report, GEXSI LLP, Berlin, Germany.
- Gladwin, T., J. Kennelly and T. Krause (1995), Shifting Paradigms for Sustainable Development, Academy of Management Review, 20(4): 874-907.
- Government of India (2009), National Policy on Biofuels, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, New Delhi, India.
- Gunaseelan, V.N. (2009), Biomass Estimates, Characteristics, Bio- Chemical Methane Potential, Kinetics and Energy Flow from Jatropha Curcas on Dry Lands, Biomass Bioenergy, 33(4): 589–596.
- Hahn, T., F. Figge, J. Pinkse, L. Preuss, (2010), Trade-offs in Corporate Sustainability: You Can’t have Your Cake and Eat It, Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(4): 217–229.
- Hall, J.K., G.A. Daneke and M.J. Lenox (2010), Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurship: Past Contributions and Future Directions, Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5): 439-488.
- Hawkings, D. and Y. Chen (2011), Plant with a Bad Name, Hardman & Co: London, p. 43.
- Hockerts, K. and R. Wüstenhagen (2010), Greening Goliaths versus emerging Davids - Theorizing about the Role of Incumbents and New Entrants in Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5): 481-492.
- International Energy Agency (2015), India Energy Outlook -World Energy Outlook Special Report, https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/IndiaEnergyOutloo_WEO2015 .pdf (accessed on 10.09.2017).
- Jingura, R.M., R. Matengaifa, D. Musademba and K. Musiyiwa (2011), Characterisation of Land Types and Agro-Ecological Conditions for Production of Jatropha as a Feedstock for Biofuels in Zimbabwe, Biomass Bioenergy, 35(5): 2080–2086.
- Jongschaap, R.E.E., W.J. Corré, P.S. Bindraban and W.A. Brandenburg (2007), Claims and Facts on Jatropha Curcas L, The Netherlands Wageningen University and Research Centre.
- Loos, T.K. (2008), Socio-economic Impact of a Jatropha-Project on Smallholder Farmers in Mpanda, Tanzania, Master’s thesis, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
- Mazumdar, D., S. Sarkar and B.S. Mehta (2017), Inequality in India–I, Economic and Political Weekly, 52(30): 47-56, 29 July.
- Mulugetta, Y. (2009), Evaluating the Economics of Biodiesel in Africa, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(6-7): 1592-1598.
- National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development (NOVOD) Board (2008), Third Research and Development Report on Tree Borne Oilseeds 2007–2008, NOVOD Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi.
- Nupueng, S., P. Oosterveer and A.P.J. Mol (2018), Implementing a Palm Oil-based Biodiesel Policy: The Case of Thailand, Energy Science and Engineering, 6(6): 643-657.
- Obidzinski, K., R. Andriani, H. Komarudin and A. Andrianto (2012), Environmental and Social Impacts of Oil Palm Plantations and their Implications for Biofuel Production in Indonesia, Ecology and Society, 17(1): 25, http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-04775-170125.
- Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (undated), Demand Projection XII and XIII Plan, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India.
- Planning Commission, Government of India (2003), Report of the Committee on Development of Bio Fuel, New Delhi, India.
- Pohit, S. and P.K. Biswas (2017), India’s Biodiesel Programme: Status, Prospects, and Shortcomings, In: A.K. Chandel and R.K. Sukumaran (Eds.), Sustainable Biofuels Development in India, Springer International, ISBN 978-3-319-50217-5.
- Pohit, S., P.K. Biswas and S. Ashra (2011), Incentive Structure of India’s Biofuel Programs: Status, Shortcomings and Implications, Biofuels, 2(3): 1-15.
- Pohit, S., P.K. Biswas, R. Kumar and A. Goswami (2010), Pricing Model for Biodiesel Feedstock: A Case Study of Chhattisgarh in India, Energy Policy, 38(11): 7487–7496.
- Pohit, S., P.K. Biswas, R. Kumar and J. Jha (2009), International Experiences of Ethanol as Transport Fuel: Policy Implications for India, Energy Policy, 37(11): 4540–4548.
- Pradhan, A. and C. Mbohwa (2014), Development of Biofuels in South Africa: Challenges and Opportunities, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 39(11): 1089–1100.
- Pradhan, D. (2018), India's Diesel Demand to Double by 2029-30, PTI, December 31.
- Rao, V.R. (2006), The Jatropha Hype: Promise and Performance, In B. Singh, R. Swaminathan, V.
- Ponraj (Eds.), Proceedings of the Biodiesel Conference toward Energy Independence—Focus of Jatropha, Hyderabad, 9-10 June, pp. 16–20, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi.
- Shah, S.H., I.A. Raja, M. Rizwan, N. Rashid, Q. Mahmood, F.A. Shah and. A. Pervez (2018), Potential of Microalgal Biodiesel Production and Its Sustainability Perspectives in Pakistan, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 81(1): 76–92.
- Skutsch, M., E. de los Rios, S. Solis, E. Riegelhaupt, D. Hinojosa, S. Gerfert, Y. Gao and O. Masera (2011), Jatropha in Mexico: Environmental and Social Impacts of an Incipient Biofuel Program, Ecol Soc, 16(4): 11, doi:10.5751/ES-04448-160411.
- Sulle, E. and F. Nelson (2009), Biofuels, Land Access and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania, IIED, London.
- Suthar, K.S. (2018) Contemporary Farmers’ Protests and the ‘New Rural–Agrarian’ in India, Economic and Political Weekly, 53(26-27): 17-23, 30 June.
- Suthisripok, T. and P. Semsamran (2018), The Impact of Biodiesel B100 on a Small Agricultural Diesel Engine, Tribology International, 128(12): 397–409, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2018.07.042
- Tejani, S. (2016), Jobless Growth in India: An Investigation, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40(3): 843–870, doi:10.1093/cje/bev025.
- TERI (2005), Liquid Biofuels for Transportation: India Country Study on Potential and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Energy, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, The WIRE (2016), The WIRE, dated 28.07.2016 (accessed on 10.04.2017).
- Timko, J.A., A. Amsalu, E. Acheampong and M.K. Teferi (2014), Local Perceptions about the Effects of Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas) and Castor (Ricinus Communis) Plantations on Households in Ghana and Ethiopia, Sustainability, 6(10): 7224-7241.
- Tomomatsu, Y. and B. Swallow (2007), Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel Production in Africa: Economics and Potential Value Chain Development for Smallholder Farmers, World Agroforestry Centre, 2007, Working paper 54: 33, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Trabucco, A.T., W.M.J. Achten, C. Bowe, R. Aerts, J.V. Orshoven, L. Norgroves and B. Muys (2010), Global Mapping of Jatropha Curcas Yield based on Response of Fitness to Present and Future Climate, GCB Bioenergy, 2(3): 139–151, doi: 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01049.x
- Tufa, F.A., A. Amsalu and E. Zoomers (2018), Failed Promises: Governance Regimes and Conflict Transformation Related to Jatropha Cultivation in Ethiopia, Ecology and Society, 23(4): 26, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10486-230426
- United Nations General Assembly (1987), Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, United Nations General Assembly, Development and International Co-operation: Environment, Oslo, Norway.
- Verheul, I., S. Wennekers, D. Audretsch and A.R. Thurik (2001), An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship: Policies, Institutions and Culture, Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper: TI 2001-030/3: 2001.
- Wani, S.P., M. Osman, E.D. Silva and T.K. Sreedevi (2006), Improved Livelihoods and Environmental Protection through Biodiesel Plantations in Asia, Asian Biotechnology and Development Review, 8(2): 11–29.
- Wennekers, A.R.M. and A.R. Thurik (1999), Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, Small Business Economics, 13(1): 27-55.
Abstract Views: 918
PDF Views: 5