Bengaluru's Reality:Towards Unlivable Status with Unplanned Urban Trajectory

The origin of cities can be traced back to the river valley civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley and China. Initially these settlements were largely dependent upon agriculture; however, with the growth in population the city size increased and economic activity transformed to trading (Ramachandra, T. V. et al., TEMA J. Land Use, Mobility Environ., 2014, 7(1), 83-100). The process of urbanization gained impetus with the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago and accelerated in the 1990s with globalization and consequent relaxation in market economy (Ramachandra, T. V. et al., Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 2012, 18, 329-343).