Differentiate Development from Research

Every nation spends a substantial amount of its wealth on research and development. The purpose is to stay abreast in technology and fuel industrial growth, which in turn would result in economic development of the nation. India too invests a colossal sum in R&D, even if it is lower than many other countries in terms of percentage of GDP. The question remains, how effective have these investments been? How much benefits have accrued from them? Can they be made more effective, especially in the Indian context? Here the relationship between research and development is considered, and a structure is proposed that clearly differentiates the roles of research and development, so as to make them separately more accountable and effective.