Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Impact of Elevated CO2 on Oryza sativa Phenology and Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) Population


Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
2 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
 

The impact of elevated CO2 (570 ± 25 ppm) on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and Pusa Basmati 1401 rice in comparison to ambient CO2 was studied in open top chambers (OTCs) during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. Crop canopy circumference was higher (13.1–16.8 cm) under elevated CO2 when compared to ambient CO2 (10.3–13.1 cm) during different rice phenological stages indicating the positive influence of elevated CO2. In addition, elevated CO2 exhibited a positive effect on rice plants through increase in tiller number (17.6%), reproductive tiller number (16.2%), number of seeds/panicle (15.1%) and thousand grains weight (10.8%) that resulted in higher grain yield (15%) when compared to ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 also exhibited a positive effect on brown planthopper population through increase in fecundity (29% and 31.6%) which resulted in a significant increase in its population to 150.3 ± 16.4 and 97.7 ± 8.7 hoppers/hill at peak incidence during 2013 and 2014 respectively, when compared to the corresponding 49.1 ± 9.3 and 43.7 ± 7.0 hoppers/hill under ambient CO2. Moreover, brown planthopper females excreted more honeydew (68.2% and 72.3%) under elevated CO2 over ambient CO2 during both years. However, elevated CO2 caused reduction in the longevity of females (23.9–27.4%) during both years and male longevity (24.1%) during 2013. Despite the positive effect, rice crops suffered higher yield loss under elevated CO2 (29.9–34.9%) due to increased brown planthopper infestation coupled with higher sucking rate due to reduced nitrogen level under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2 (17–23.1%) during 2013 and 2014.

Keywords

Brown Planthopper, Climate Change, Elevated CO2, Hopper Burn, Poaceae, Yield Loss.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization, OECD-FAO Agricultural outlook 2009–2018, 2009. p. 11.

  • Indiastat, Rice production statistics. online database accessed 8 April 2015; http://www.indiastat.com/table/agriculture/2/rice/17194/56320/data.

  • Indiaspend, How china beats India in agriculture productivity. Online source accessed 10 October 2017; http://www.indiaspend.com/sectors/how-china-beats-india-in-agriculture-productivity.

  • Thanh, N. C. and Singh, B., Constraints faced by the farmers in rice production and export. Omonrice, 2006, 14, 97–110.

  • Chander, S., Aggarwal, P. K., Kalra, N. and Swaruparani, D. N., Changes in pest profiles in rice-wheat cropping system in Indo-gangetic plains. Ann. Plant Protec. Sci., 2003, 11, 258–263.

  • Mishra, H. P. and Jena, B. C., Integrated pest management in rice. In Entomology: Novel Approaches (eds Jain, P. C. and Bhargava, M. C.), New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, 2007, p. 268.

  • Srivastava, C., Chander, S., Sinha, S. R. and Palta, R. K., Toxicity of various insecticides against Delhi and Palla population of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 2009, 79, 1003–1006.

  • IPCC, Summary for policy makers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the IV Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Solomon, S. et al.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007, pp. 1–18.

  • IPCC, Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2014, p. 1150.

  • Parry, M. A. J., Madgwick, P. J., Carvalho, J. F. C. and Andralojc, P. J., Prospects for increasing photosynthesis by overcoming the limitations of Rubisco. J. Agric. Sci., 2007, 145, 31–43.

  • CRRI, Central Rice Research Institute, Vision 2030, Cuttack, Odisha, India, 2011, p. 14.

  • Bale, J. S. B. et al., Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global Chang. Biol., 2002, 8, 1–16.

  • Parmesan, C., Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming. Global Chang. Biol., 2007, 13, 1860–1872.

  • Lastuvka, Z., Climate change and its possible influence on the occurrence and importance of insect pests. Plant. Prot. Sci., 2009, 45, 53–62.

  • Thomson, L. J., Macfadyen, S. and Hoffmann, A. A., Predicting the effects of climate change on natural enemies of agricultural pests. Biol. Control., 2010, 52, 296–306.

  • Lincoln, D. E., Couvet, D. and Sionit, N., Response of an insect herbivore to host plants grown in carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres. Oecologia, 1986, 6, 556–560.

  • Zhang, G. et al., The effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Exp. Bot., 2013, 64(11), 3179–3188.

  • Ainsworth, E. A. and Rogers, A., The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising (CO2): mechanisms and environmental interactions. Plant Cell Environ., 2007, 30(3), 258–270.

  • Kobayashi, K., Okada, M., Kim, H. Y., Lieffering, M., Miura, S. and Hasegawa, T., Paddy rice responses to free-air CO2 enrichment. In Managed Ecosystems and CO2: Case Studies, Processes, and Perspectives (eds Nosberger, J. et al.), Springer, Berlin, 2006, pp. 87–104.

  • Long, S. P., Ainsworth, E. A., Leakey, A. D. B., Nosberger, J. and Ort, D. R., Food for thought: lower-than-expected crop yield stimulation with rising CO2 concentrations. Science, 2006, 312, 1918–1921.

  • Pal, M. I., Rao, S., Srivastava, A. C., Jain, V. and Sengupta, U. K., Impact of CO2 enrichment and variable composition and partitioning of essential nutrients of wheat. Biol. Plant., 2003, 47, 27–32.

  • Bremner, J. M., Methods of Soil Analysis, Am. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI, 1965, Part 2, pp. 1256–1286.

  • Hedge, J. E. and Hofreiter, B. T., In Carbohydrates Chemistry (eds Whistler, R. L. and BeMiller, J. N.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, p. 17.

  • Pandi, G. G. P., Chander, S., Pal, M. and Pathak, H., Impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on brown planthopper population in rice ecosystem. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India. B. Biol., 2016, doi:10.1007/s40011-016-0727-x.

  • Begum, M. N. and Wilkins, R. M., A parafilm sachet technique for measuring the feeding of Nilaparvata lugens on rice plants with correction for evapotranspiration. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 1988, 88, 301–304.

  • Prasannakumar, N., Chander, S. and Pal, M., Assessment of impact of climate change with reference to elevated CO2 on rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and crop yield. Curr. Sci., 2012, 103(10), 1201–1205.

  • Pathak, P. K., Saxena, R. C. and Heinrichs, E. A., Parafilm sachet for measuring honeydew excretion by Nilaparvata lugens on rice. J. Econ. Entomol., 1982, 75, 194–195.

  • Xiao, N. C., Wei, H., Neng, W. X., Sheng, L. J., Zhi, H. L. and Fa, J. C., Effects of elevated CO2 and transgenic Bt rice on yeast like endosymbionts and its host brown planthopper. J. Appl. Entomol., 2011, 135, 333–342.

  • Chen, F. J., Wu, G. and Ge, F., Impacts of elevated CO2 on the population abundance and reproductive activity of aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius feeding on spring wheat. J. Appl. Entomol., 2004, 128, 723–730.

  • Sudderth, E. A., Stinson, K. A. and Bazzaz, F. A., Host-specific aphid population responses to elevated CO2 and increased N availability. Global Chang. Biol., 2005, 11, 1997–2008.

  • Dermody, O., Long, S. P. and McConnaughay, K., How do elevated CO2 and O3 affect the interception and utilization of radiation by a soybean canopy? Global Chang. Biol., 2008, 14, 556–564.

  • Guo, H., Sun, Y., Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Z. and Ge, F., Elevated CO2 decreases the response of the ethylene signalling pathway in Medicago truncatula and increases the abundance of the pea aphid. New Phytol., 2014, 201, 279–291; doi:10.1111/nph.12484.

  • O’Neill, B. F., Zangerl, A. R., DeLucia, E. H., Casteel, C., Zavala, J. A. and Berenbaum, M. R., Leaf temperature of soybean grown under elevated CO2 increases Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population growth. Insect Sci., 2011, 18, 419–425; doi:10.1111/j.1744-7917.2011.01420.x.

  • Flynn, D. F. B., Sudderth, E. A. and Bazzaz, F. A., Effects of aphid herbivory on biomass and leaf-level physiology of Solanum dulcamara under elevated temperature and CO2. Environ. Exp. Bot., 2006, 56, 10–18.

  • Xie, H., Zhao, L., Wang, W., Wang, Z., Ni, X., Cai, W. and He, K., Changes in life history parameters of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) under four different elevated temperature and CO2 combinations. J. Econ. Entomol., 2014, 107(4), 1411–1418.

  • Shi, B. K., Huang, J. L., Hu, C. X. and Hou, M. L., Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. J. Integr. Agric., 2014, 13(7), 1520–1529.

  • Hughes, L. and Bazzaz, F. A., Effects of elevated CO2 on five plant–aphid interactions. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 2001, 99(1), 87–96.

  • Chen, F., Ge, F. and Parajulee, M. N., Impact of elevated CO2 on tri-trophic interaction of Gossypium hirsutum, Aphis gossypii, and Leis axyridis. Environ. Entomol., 2005, 34, 37–46.

  • Peltonen, P. A., Julkunen-tiitto, R., Vapaavuori, E. and Holopainen, J. K., Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on aphid oviposition preference and birch bud exudate phenolics. Global Chang. Biol., 2006, 12, 1670–1679.

  • Docherty, M., Wade, F., Hurst, D. K., Whittaker, J. B. and Lea, P. J., Responses of tree sap-feeding herbivores to elevated CO2. Global Chang. Biol., 1997, 3, 51–59.

  • Mondor, E. B., Awmack, X. C. and Lindroth, R. L., Individual growth rates do not predict aphid population densities under altered atmospheric conditions. Agric. Forest Entomol., 2010, 12, 293–299.

  • Stiling, P. and Cornelissen, T., How does elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) affect plant-herbivore interactions? A field experiment and meta-analysis of CO2-mediated changes on plant chemistry and herbivore performance. Global Chang. Biol., 2007, 13, 1823–1842.

  • Auad, A. M., Fonseca, M. G., Resende T. T. and Maddalena, I. S. C. P., Effect of climate change on longevity and reproduction of Sipha flava (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Fla. Entomol., 2012, 95(2), 433–444.

  • Bernacchi, C. J. et al., Hourly and seasonal variation in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of soybean grown at future CO2 and ozone concentrations for 3 years under fully open-air field conditions. Plant cell Environ., 2006, 29, 2077–2090.

  • Rogers, A. et al., Leaf photosynthesis and carbohydrate dynamics of soybeans grown throughout their life-cycle under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment. Plant cell Environ., 2004, 27, 449–458; doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01163.x.

  • Sogawa, K., Damage mechanisms of brown planthopper infestation: modelling approaches under a paradigm shift in pest management. In SARP Res Proc: Analysis of Damage Mechanisms by Pests and Diseases and their Effects on Rice Yield (eds Elings, A. E. and Rubia, E. G.), Research Institute of Agro Biology and Soil Fertility, DLO, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Theoretical Production Ecology, WAU, Wageninigen, The Netherlands and IRRI, Los Banos, The Philippines, 1994, pp. 135–153.

  • Zhu, Z. R. and Cheng, J., Sucking rates of the white backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera and yield loss of rice. J. Pest Sci., 2000, 75, 113–117.

  • Sun, Y. and Ge, F., How do aphids respond to elevated CO2? J. Asia Pacific Entomol., 2011, 14, 217–220.

  • Goverde, M. and Erhardt, A., Effects of elevated CO2 on development and larval food-plant preference in the butterfly, Coenonympha pamphilus (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). Global Chang. Biol., 2003, 9, 74–83.

  • Rao, M. S., Srinivas, K., Vanaja, M., Rao, G. S. N., Venkateswarlu, B. and Ramakrishna, Y. S., Host plant (Ricinus communis Linn.) mediated effects of elevated CO2 on growth performance of two insect folivores. Curr. Sci., 2009, 97, 1047–1054.

  • Guo, H., Sun, Y., Li, Y., Tong, B., Harris, M., Zhu, S. K. and Ge, F., Pea aphid promotes amino acid metabolism both in Medicago truncatula and bacteriocytes to favor aphid population growth under elevated CO2. Global Chang. Biol., 2013, 19, 3210–3223.


Abstract Views: 431

PDF Views: 117




  • Impact of Elevated CO2 on Oryza sativa Phenology and Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) Population

Abstract Views: 431  |  PDF Views: 117

Authors

G. Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
Subhash Chander
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
Madan Pal
Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
P. S. Soumia
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India

Abstract


The impact of elevated CO2 (570 ± 25 ppm) on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and Pusa Basmati 1401 rice in comparison to ambient CO2 was studied in open top chambers (OTCs) during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. Crop canopy circumference was higher (13.1–16.8 cm) under elevated CO2 when compared to ambient CO2 (10.3–13.1 cm) during different rice phenological stages indicating the positive influence of elevated CO2. In addition, elevated CO2 exhibited a positive effect on rice plants through increase in tiller number (17.6%), reproductive tiller number (16.2%), number of seeds/panicle (15.1%) and thousand grains weight (10.8%) that resulted in higher grain yield (15%) when compared to ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 also exhibited a positive effect on brown planthopper population through increase in fecundity (29% and 31.6%) which resulted in a significant increase in its population to 150.3 ± 16.4 and 97.7 ± 8.7 hoppers/hill at peak incidence during 2013 and 2014 respectively, when compared to the corresponding 49.1 ± 9.3 and 43.7 ± 7.0 hoppers/hill under ambient CO2. Moreover, brown planthopper females excreted more honeydew (68.2% and 72.3%) under elevated CO2 over ambient CO2 during both years. However, elevated CO2 caused reduction in the longevity of females (23.9–27.4%) during both years and male longevity (24.1%) during 2013. Despite the positive effect, rice crops suffered higher yield loss under elevated CO2 (29.9–34.9%) due to increased brown planthopper infestation coupled with higher sucking rate due to reduced nitrogen level under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2 (17–23.1%) during 2013 and 2014.

Keywords


Brown Planthopper, Climate Change, Elevated CO2, Hopper Burn, Poaceae, Yield Loss.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv114%2Fi08%2F1767-1777