Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Does Pestalotiopsis royenae Cause Leaf Streak of Large Cardamom?


Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, India
 

Leaf streak caused by Pestalotiopsis royenae (Guba) Steyaert has been reported as a new disease of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum). It is characterized by rectangular spots running parallel to the veins. P. royenae was isolated onto potato dextrose agar from the infected portion of the plant. In the pathogenicity test, disease symptoms were not present on inoculated plant and on detached leaf in vitro after 20 days. During 2014–2016, a survey in various large cardamom plantations of Sikkim revealed the presence of tea mosquito bugs on the infected parts of A. subulatum. The spots did not show any growth. Different sized spots have been noticed on the infected leaf produced by different instars. At the initial stage, these symptoms appear on the young and tender leaves of large cardamom. Tea mosquito bugs were collected from the infested leaves and allowed to feed under controlled conditions, which produced similar type of leaf streak symptoms in large cardamom and also in other non-host crops like maize and turmeric. The results reveal that the cause of leaf streak is due to feeding injury of tea mosquito bugs and rule out P. royenae as a pathogen causing leaf streak disease symptoms. Pestalotiopsis sp. was also isolated as endophyte from large cardamom.

Keywords

Helopeltis theivora, Large Cardamom, Leaf Streak, Pestalotiopsis royenae.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Avasthe, R. K., Pradhan, Y. and Khorlo, B., Handbook of Organic Crop Production in Sikkim, Sikkim Organic Mission, Government of Sikkim, 2014, p. 408.

  • Raychaudhuri, S. P. and Chatterjee, S. N., A preliminary note on the occurrence of a new virus disease of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) in Darjeeling district. In Mycological Research Worker’s Conference, Shimla, 1958, pp. 174–176.

  • Prasad, S. S., Sinha, A. K., Ambhasta, K. K. and Verma, P. C. S., Leaf blight of large cardamom caused by Colletotrichum sp. Sci. Cult., 1984, 50, 331–332.

  • Srivastava, L. S., Anthracnose of large cardamom – a new disease. Plant Dis. Res., 1989, 4, 161–162.

  • Srivastava, L. S. and Verma, R. N., Leaf streak (C.O. Pestalotiopsis royenae) – a new disease of large cardamom from Sikkim. Curr. Sci., 1989, 58, 682–683.

  • Srivastava, L. S., Occurrence of spike, ischolar_main and collar rot of large cardamom in Sikkim. Plant Dis. Res., 1991, 6, 113–114.

  • Srivastava, L. S., Wilt of large cardamom, a new disease. Spice India, 1991, 4, 13.

  • Varma, P. M. and Capoor, S. P., Foorkey disease of large cardamom. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 1964, 34, 56–62.

  • Saju, K. A., Mech, S., Deka, T. N. and Biswas, A. K., In vitro evaluation of biocontrol agents, botanicals and fungicides against Pestalotiopsis sp. infecting large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). J. Spices Aromat. Crops, 2011, 20, 89–92.

  • Vijayan, A. K., Gudade, B. A., Chhetri, P., Gupta, U. and Deka, T. N., Biocontrol of fungal diseases in large cardamom using Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pop. Kheti, 2013, 1, 10–13.

  • Srivastava, L. S. and Verma, R. N., Large cardamom – a new host for Pestalotiopsis versicolor (Speg.) Steyaert. Curr. Sci., 1989, 58, 971–972.

  • Srivastava, L. S., Prevalence of fungal diseases of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) in Sikkim, India. J. Spices Aromat. Crops, 1995, 4, 64–66.

  • Arnold, A. E., Maynard, Z., Gilbert, G. S., Coley, P. D. and Kursar, T. A., Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse? Ecol. Lett., 2000, 3, 267–274.

  • Dutta, P. and Begum, R., In vitro studies on the efficacies of fungicides against Pestalotia theae Sawada, the grey blight of tea. Two and a Bud, 1989, 36, 14-17.

  • Joshi, M. S. and Raut, S. P., Grey leaf blight disease of clove in Konkan region of Maharashtra. Indian Cocoa, Arecanut Spices J., 1992, 15, 73–74.

  • Pandey, R. S., Bhargava, S. N., Shukla, D. N. and Dwivedi, D. K., Control of Pestalotia fruit rot of guava by leaf extracts of two medicinal plants. Rev. Mex. Fitopatol., 1983, 2, 15–16.

  • Saw, N. V. and Raut, S. P., Studies on Pestalotiopsis mangiferae Butl. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ., 1995, 20, 126–128.

  • Sharma, B. M., Kaushal, S. C. and Sugha, S. K., Growth requirements of Pestalotia sapotae causing grey blight of Achras sapota. Res. Bull. Punjab Univ. Sci., 1987, 38, 55–58.

  • Liu, L., Bioactive metabolites from the plant endophyte Pestalotiopsis fici. Mycology, 2011, 2, 37–45.

  • Strobel, G., Yang, X., Sears, J., Kramer, R., Sidhu, R. S. and Hess, W. M., Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxus wallachiana. Microbiology, 1996, 142, 435–440.

  • Wei, J.-G., Xu, T., Guo, L.-D., Liu, A.-R., Zhang, Y. and Pan, X.-H., Endophytic Pestalotiopsis species associated with plants of Podocarpaceae, Theaceae and Taxaceae in southern China. Fungal Divers., 2007, 24, 55–74.

  • Palomar, M. K. and Bentonio. P. A., Control of grey leaf spot disease of coconut with fungicide and potassium chloride. Philipp. J. Crop Sci., 1982, 7, 166–169.

  • Jeon, Y. H., Kim, S. G. and Kim, Y. H., First report on leaf blight of Lindera obtusiloba caused by Pestalotiopsis microspora in Korea. Plant Pathol., 2007, 56, 349.

  • Jeon, Y. H., Kim, S. G. and Kim, Y. H., First report on leaf blight of Lindera obtusiloba caused by Pestalotiopsis microspora in Korea. New Dis. Rep., 2006, 13, 48.

  • Zhang, M., Wu, H. Y., Tsukiboshi, T. and Okabe, I., First report of Pestalotiopsis microspora causing leaf spot of hidcote (Hypericum patulum) in Japan. Plant Dis., 2010, 94, 1064.

  • Selmaoui, K., Touati, J., Chliyeh, M., TouhamiI, A. Q., Benkirane, R. and Douira, A., Study of Pestalotiopsis palmarum pathogenicity on Washingtonia robusta (Mexican palm). Int. J. Pure Appl. Biosci., 2014, 2, 138–145.

  • Stonedahl, G. M., The oriental species of Helopeltis (Heteroptera: Miridae): a review of economic literature and guide to identification. Bull. Entomol. Res., 1991, 81, 163–190.

  • Roy, S., Gurusubramanian, G. and Mukhopadhyay, A., Neem-based integrated approaches for the management of tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Miridae: Heteroptera) in tea. J. Pest. Sci., 2010, 83, 143–148.

  • Kalita, H., Avasthe, R. K., Gopi, R., Yadav, A. and Singh, M., Tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora) and mealy bug (Paraputo theaecola) – new threats to large cardamom. Curr. Sci., 2016, 110, 1390–1391.

  • Wei, J.-G. and Xu, T., Biodiversity of endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis. Biodivers. Sci., 2003, 11, 162–168.

  • Liu, S. et al., Cytotoxic 14-membered macrolides from a mangrovederived endophytic fungus. Pestalotiopsis microspora. J. Nat. Prod., 2016, 79, 2332–2340.


Abstract Views: 387

PDF Views: 132




  • Does Pestalotiopsis royenae Cause Leaf Streak of Large Cardamom?

Abstract Views: 387  |  PDF Views: 132

Authors

R. Gopi
ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, India
H. Kalita
ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, India
R. K. Avasthe
ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, India
Ashish Yadav
ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, India
M. Singh
ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, India
D. Thapa
ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, India

Abstract


Leaf streak caused by Pestalotiopsis royenae (Guba) Steyaert has been reported as a new disease of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum). It is characterized by rectangular spots running parallel to the veins. P. royenae was isolated onto potato dextrose agar from the infected portion of the plant. In the pathogenicity test, disease symptoms were not present on inoculated plant and on detached leaf in vitro after 20 days. During 2014–2016, a survey in various large cardamom plantations of Sikkim revealed the presence of tea mosquito bugs on the infected parts of A. subulatum. The spots did not show any growth. Different sized spots have been noticed on the infected leaf produced by different instars. At the initial stage, these symptoms appear on the young and tender leaves of large cardamom. Tea mosquito bugs were collected from the infested leaves and allowed to feed under controlled conditions, which produced similar type of leaf streak symptoms in large cardamom and also in other non-host crops like maize and turmeric. The results reveal that the cause of leaf streak is due to feeding injury of tea mosquito bugs and rule out P. royenae as a pathogen causing leaf streak disease symptoms. Pestalotiopsis sp. was also isolated as endophyte from large cardamom.

Keywords


Helopeltis theivora, Large Cardamom, Leaf Streak, Pestalotiopsis royenae.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv114%2Fi10%2F2155-2160