Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Impact of Transport Sustainability on Air Quality in Lahore, Pakistan


Affiliations
1 Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University, Near Nasir Bagh, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
 

Transport sustainability has direct association with improvement of urban emissions levels. Different sustainable steps like promotion of public transport, walking or the use of bicycles, reduction in the number of personal cars and improvement in speed (up to 50 km/h), fuel and model of vehicles can decrease emissions levels in the cities. In this study, emission factors of seven different vehicles have been calculated using the OSPM software. An estimated decrease of 7% in NOx emission, 33% in CO emission and 25.8% in benzene emission has been observed with 10% reduction in the number of cars and 10 km/h gain in speed (from 40 to 50 km/h). It has also been observed that 2005 model buses using 1999 level fuel emit 1.3 times less benzene, NOx and CO emissions compared to 2000 model buses using the quality of fuel, which was available in 1990 in Europe.

Keywords

Air Quality, Emission Factor, Fuel Quality, Public Transport, Transport Sustainability.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Habitat, U., State of the world’s cities 2006/7: Millennium Devleopment Goals and urban sustainability. UN-Habitat and Earthscan, Nairobi, 2006.

  • Hung, N. T., Urban air quality modelling and management in Hanoi, Vietnam, Aarhus Universitet, Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, Afdeling for Atmosfærisk Miljø, 2010.

  • Kulkarni, A. V. and Karyakarte, Y., Observed changes in Himalayan glaciers. Curr. Sci., 2014, 106(2), 237–244.

  • Srinivasan, J., Predicting and managing extreme rainfall. Curr. Sci., 2013, 105(1), 7–8.

  • De Gruyter, C., Currie, G. and Rose, G., Sustainability measures of urban public transport in cities: a world review and focus on the Asia/Middle East region. Sustainability, 2016, 9(1), 43.

  • Javid, M. A. et al., Public perceptions to travel demand management measures in Lahore, Pakistan: analysis and implications. Proc. Pak. Acad. Sci., 2014, 51(1), 17–29.

  • Yasar, A. et al., A comparison of engine emissions from heavy, medium, and light vehicles for CNG, diesel, and gasoline fuels. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 2013, 22(4), 1277–1281.

  • Al-Amin, A. Q., Rasiah, R. and Chenayah, S., Prioritizing climate change mitigation: an assessment using Malaysia to reduce carbon emissions in future. Environ. Sci. Policy, 2015, 50, 24–33.

  • O’Mahony, T. and Dufour, J., Tracking development paths: monitoring driving forces and the impact of carbon-free energy sources in Spain. Environ. Sci. Policy, 2015, 50, 62–73.

  • Fu, L. et al., Modeling traffic-related air pollution in street canyons of Beijing. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 2000, 50(12), 2060–2066.

  • Ziv, A. et al., Analysis of the St. Petersburg traffic data using the OSPM model. Water, Air Soil Pollut.: Focus, 2002, 2(5–6), 297–310.

  • Aquilina, N. and Micallef, A., Evaluation of the operational street pollution model using data from European cities. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2004, 95(1–3), 75–96.

  • Mensink, C. et al., A comparison of three street canyon models with measurements at an urban station in Antwerp, Belgium. Environ. Model. Software, 2006, 21(4), 514–519.

  • Vardoulakis, S. et al., Operational air pollution modelling in the UK – Street canyon applications and challenges. Atmos. Environ., 2007, 41(22), 4622–4637.

  • Berkowicz, R. et al., Evaluation and application of OSPM for traffic pollution assessment for a large number of street locations. Environ. Model. Software, 2008, 23(3), 296–303.

  • Jensen, S. S. et al., Modeling traffic air pollution in street canyons in New York City for intra-urban exposure assessment in the US Multi-Ethnic Study of atherosclerosis and air pollution. Atmos. Environ., 2009, 43(30), 4544–4556.

  • Kumar, A., Ketzel, M., Patil, R. S., Dikshit, A. K. and Hertel, O., Vehicular pollution modeling using the operational street pollution model (OSPM) for Chembur, Mumbai (India). Environ. Monit. Assess., 2016, 188(6), 1–10.

  • Galgamuwa, U., Perera, L. and Bandara, S., Development of a driving cycle for Colombo, Sri Lanka: an economical approach for developing countries. J. Adv. Transp., 2016, 50(7), 1520–1530.

  • Yasin, G. et al., Analytical studies on the quality and environmental impact of commercial motor gasoline available in Multan Region of Pakistan.. Pak. J. Anal. Environ. Chem., 2008, 9(2), 84–91.

  • Martin, P. et al., Pakistan strategic country environmental assessment. South Asia Region, World Bank, 2006, vol. 1, pp. 1–80.

  • Narain, U. and Krupnick, A., The impact of Delhi’s CNG program on air quality, 2007; available at SSRN 969727.

  • Venegas, L. E., Mazzeo, N. A. and Dezzutti, M. C., A simple model for calculating air pollution within street canyons. Atmosp. Environ., 2014, 87, 77–86.

  • Grote, M. et al., Including congestion effects in urban road traffic CO2 emissions modelling: do local government authorities have the right options? Transp. Res. Part D, 2016, 43, 95–106.


Abstract Views: 307

PDF Views: 115




  • Impact of Transport Sustainability on Air Quality in Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract Views: 307  |  PDF Views: 115

Authors

Rizwan Haider
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University, Near Nasir Bagh, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Abdullah Yasar
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University, Near Nasir Bagh, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Amtul Bari Tabinda
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University, Near Nasir Bagh, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Abstract


Transport sustainability has direct association with improvement of urban emissions levels. Different sustainable steps like promotion of public transport, walking or the use of bicycles, reduction in the number of personal cars and improvement in speed (up to 50 km/h), fuel and model of vehicles can decrease emissions levels in the cities. In this study, emission factors of seven different vehicles have been calculated using the OSPM software. An estimated decrease of 7% in NOx emission, 33% in CO emission and 25.8% in benzene emission has been observed with 10% reduction in the number of cars and 10 km/h gain in speed (from 40 to 50 km/h). It has also been observed that 2005 model buses using 1999 level fuel emit 1.3 times less benzene, NOx and CO emissions compared to 2000 model buses using the quality of fuel, which was available in 1990 in Europe.

Keywords


Air Quality, Emission Factor, Fuel Quality, Public Transport, Transport Sustainability.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv114%2Fi11%2F2380-2386