Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Expression Profiles of Key Genes Involved in Rice Gall Midge Interactions Reveal Diversity in Resistance Pathways


Affiliations
1 Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India
2 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
 

Resistance against the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), is conferred by any one of the 11 major genes identified so far. Resistance conferred by these genes may or may not involve a hypersensitive reaction (HR). Three of these gall midge resistance genes have been already cloned. In this study, expression of 20 key genes, identified based on our earlier studies, in 12 rice genotypes was profiled through quantitative real time (RT)-PCR at two time points. Results highlighted diversity in resistance pathways either involving reactive oxygen species (ROS)-hypersensitive reaction (HR) salicylic acid-mediated systemic acquired resistance or strong suppression of ROS-HR at initial stage itself. Some of the susceptible test genotypes derived from crosses between gall midge resistant and susceptible parents expressed trace activity of these genes even during compatible interaction.

Keywords

HR+ Type Resistance, HR– Type Resistance, HR, ROS, SAR.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Bentur, J. S., Sinha, D. K., Padmavathy, C. H., Revathy, C. H., Muthulakshmi, M. and Nagaraju, J., Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) (Diptera: Cecidomyidae). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2011, 12, 755–772.

  • Vijayalakshmi, P., Amudhan, S., Himabindu, K., Cheralu, C. and Bentur, J. S., A new biotype of the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) characterized from the Warangal population in Andhra Pradesh India. Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci., 2006, 26, 207–211.

  • Himabindu, K., Suneetha, K., Sama, V. S. A. K. and Bentur, J. S., A new rice gall midge resistance gene in the breeding line CR57-MR1523, mapping with flanking markers and development of NILs. Euphytica, 2010, 174, 179–187.

  • Kumar, A., Shrivastava, M. N. and Shukla, B. C., A new gene for resistance to gall midge in rice cultivar RP2333-156-8. Rice Genet. Newsl., 1999, 16, 85–87.

  • Sama, V. S. A. K., Rawat, N., Sundaram, R. M., Himabindu, K., Naik, B. S., Viraktamath, B. C. and Bentur, J. S., A putative candidate for the recessive gall midge resistance gene gm3 in rice identified and validated. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2014, 127, 113–124.

  • Divya, D., Himabindu, K., Nair, S. and Bentur, J. S., Cloning of a gene encoding LRR protein and its validation as candidate gall midge resistance gene, Gm4, in rice. Euphytica, 2015, 203, 185–195.

  • Divya, D., Identification and functional validation of gall midge resistance genes in rice varieties Abhaya and Aganni. Dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, 2016, p. 288.

  • Bentur, J. S., Pasalu, I. C. and Kalode, M. B., Inheritance of virulence in rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 1992, 62, 492–493.

  • Bentur, J. S., Rawat, N., Divya, D., Sinha, D. K., Agarrwal, R., Atray, I. and Nair, S., Rice-gall midge interactions: Battle for survival. J. Insect. Physiol., 2016, 84, 40–49.

  • Rawat, N., Himabindu, K., Neeraja, C. N., Nair, S. and Bentur, J. S., Suppressive subtraction hybridization reveals that rice gall midge attack elicits plant-pathogen-like responses in rice. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2013, 63, 122–130.

  • Rawat, N., Neeraja, C. N., Sundaram, R. M., Nair, S. and Bentur, J. S., A novel mechanism of gall midge resistance in the rice variety Kavya revealed by microarray analysis. Funct. Integr. Genomics, 2012, 12, 249–264.

  • Divya, D., Singh, Y. T., Nair, S. and Bentur, J. S., Analysis of SSH library of rice variety Aganni reveals candidate gall midge resistance genes. Funct. Integr. Genomics, 2016, 16, 153–169.

  • Agarrwal, R., Padmakumari, A. P., Bentur, J. S. and Nair, S., Metabolic and transcriptomic changes induced in host during hypersensitive response mediated resistance in rice against the Asian rice gall midge. Rice, 2016, 9, 1.

  • Alborn, H. T., Hansen, T. V., Jones, T. H., Bennett, D. C., Tumlinson, J. H., Schmelz, E. A. and Teal, P. E., Disulfooxy fatty acids from the American bird grasshopper Schistocerca americana, elicitors of plant volatiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2007, 104, 12976–12981.

  • Sinha, D. K., Nagaraju, J., Tomar, A., Bentur, J. S. and Nair, S., Pyrosequencing-based transcriptome analysis of the Asian rice gall midge reveals differential response during compatible and incompatible interaction. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2012, 13, 13079–13103.

  • Stuart, J., Insect effectors and gene-for-gene interactions with host plants. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci., 2015, 9, 1–6.

  • Rawat, N., Neeraja, C. N., Sundaram, R. M., Nair, S. and Bentur, J. S., Differential gene expression in gall midge susceptible rice genotypes revealed by suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries and microarray analysis. Rice, 2012, 5, 8.

  • Livak, K. J. and Schmittgen, T. D., Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method. Methods, 2001, 25, 402–408.

  • Furstenberg-Hagg, J., Zagrobelny, M. and Bak, S., Plant defense against insect herbivores. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2013, 14, 10242–10297.

  • Thaler, J. S., Humphrey, P. T. and Whiteman, N. K., Evolution of jasmonate and salicylate signal crosstalk. Trends Plant Sci., 2012, 17, 260–270.

  • Kaloshian, I. and Walling, L. L., Hemipterans as plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 2005, 43, 491–521.

  • Stuart, J. J., Chen, M. S., Shukle, R. and Harris, M. O., Gall midges (Hessian flies) as plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 2012, 50, 339–357.

  • Sekhwal, M. K., Li, P., Lam, I., Wang, X., Cloutier, S. and You, F. M., Disease resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2015, 16, 19248–19290.

  • Zhou, L., Cheung, M. Y., Li, M. W., Fu, Y., Sun, Z., Sun, S. M. and Lam, H. M., Rice hypersensitive induced reaction protein 1 (OsHIR1) associates with plasma membrane and triggers hypersensitive cell death. BMC Plant Biol., 2010, 10, 290.

  • Belkhadir, Y., Subramaniam, R. and Dangl, J. L., Plant disease resistance protein signaling: NBS-LRR proteins and their partners. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2004, 7, 391–399.

  • Atkinson, M. M., Mildland, S. L., Sims, J. J. and Keen, N. T., Syringolide triggers Ca2+ influx, K+ efflux, and extracellular alkalization in soybean cells carrying the disease-resistance gene rpG4. Plant Physiol., 1996, 112, 297–302.

  • Heath, M. C., Hypersensitive response-related death. Plant Mol. Biol., 2000, 44, 321–334.

  • Klingler, J. P., Nair, R. M., Edwards, O. R. and Singh, K. B., A single gene, AIN, in Medicago truncatula mediates a hypersensitive response to both bluegreen aphid and pea aphid, but confers resistance only to bluegreen aphid. J. Exp. Bot., 2009, 244.

  • Starr, J. L., Yang, W., Yan, Y., Crutcher, F. and Kolomiets, M., Expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase genes in maize lines differing in susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita. J. Nematol., 2014, 46, 360.

  • Li, J. et al., Cloning and expression analysis of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) genes in sorghum. Peer J., 2016, 4, p.e2005.

  • Rawat, N. et al., Role of pathogenesis related genes in rice-gall midge interactions. Curr. Sci., 2010, 99, 1361–1368.

  • Du, B. et al., Identification and characterization of Bph14, a gene conferring resistance to brown planthopper in rice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106, 22163–22168.

  • Tezuka, D., Ito, A., Mitsuhashi, W., Toyomasu, T. and Imai, R., The rice ent-KAURENE SYNTHASE LIKE 2 encodes a functional ent-beyerene synthase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2015, 460, 766–771.

  • Wang, B., Yu, J., Zhu, D., Chang, Y. and Zhao, Q., Maize ZmRACK1 is involved in the plant response to fungal phytopathogens. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2014, 15, 9343–9359.

  • Kim, S. G. et al., Overexpression of rice isoflavone reductase‐like gene (OsIRL) confers tolerance to reactive oxygen species. Physiol. Plant, 2010, 138, 1–9.

  • Bentur, J. S., Cheralu, C. and Ram Mohan Rao, P., Monitoring virulence in Asian rice gall midge populations in India. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 2008, 129, 96–106.


Abstract Views: 368

PDF Views: 108




  • Expression Profiles of Key Genes Involved in Rice Gall Midge Interactions Reveal Diversity in Resistance Pathways

Abstract Views: 368  |  PDF Views: 108

Authors

D. Divya
Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India
Suresh Nair
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
J. S. Bentur
Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India

Abstract


Resistance against the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), is conferred by any one of the 11 major genes identified so far. Resistance conferred by these genes may or may not involve a hypersensitive reaction (HR). Three of these gall midge resistance genes have been already cloned. In this study, expression of 20 key genes, identified based on our earlier studies, in 12 rice genotypes was profiled through quantitative real time (RT)-PCR at two time points. Results highlighted diversity in resistance pathways either involving reactive oxygen species (ROS)-hypersensitive reaction (HR) salicylic acid-mediated systemic acquired resistance or strong suppression of ROS-HR at initial stage itself. Some of the susceptible test genotypes derived from crosses between gall midge resistant and susceptible parents expressed trace activity of these genes even during compatible interaction.

Keywords


HR+ Type Resistance, HR– Type Resistance, HR, ROS, SAR.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv115%2Fi1%2F74-82