Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Expression of Alpha-Synuclein During Eye Development of Bufo arabicus


Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Allula, Taibah University,, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
 

Alpha-synuclein contributes to neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized with the increase of its expression and collectively known as synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy’s bodies. A healthy balance of alpha-synuclein is important for preventing synucleinopathies, whereas the normal physiological role of alpha-synuclein is still under investigation. The present study was designed to evaluate the involvement of alpha-synuclein in the eye of Bufo arabicus during development, metamorphosis and adult stage. Different larval and adult stages of Bufo arabicus were obtained for histological and immunofluorescent expression of alpha-synuclein during eye development. The results showed that alphasynuclein expression was associated with differentiation and migration of periocular mesenchyme cells that will form the trabecular meshwork. Also, alphasynuclein expression was detected in the ciliary body at the adult stage. This study confirmed an additional role of alpha-synuclein during the development of the anterior eye chamber. On the other hand, synuclein expressions in Bufo arabicus under study helps improve our knowledge about gene conservation studies and the mechanisms by which the anterior chamber of the vertebrate eye is differentiated during development. Also, synuclein might be considered as an evolutionary conserved gene expression during eye development of Bufo arabicus.

Keywords

Alpha-Synuclein, Anterior Eye Chamber, Eye Development, Trabecular Meshwork.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Surguchov, A., Focus on molecules: the synucleins: when friends become foes. Exp. Eye Res., 2008, 86, 1-2.

  • Soto, C. and Estrada, L. D., Protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. Arch Neurol., 2008, 65, 184-189.

  • Desplats, P. et al., Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of alpha-synuclein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106, 13010-13015.

  • Lewis, K. A. et al., Abnormal neurites containing C-terminally truncated alpha-synuclein are present in Alzheimer’s disease without conventional Lewy body pathology. Am. J. Pathol., 2010, 177, 3037-3050.

  • Luk, K. C. et al., Pathological alpha-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice. Science, 2012, 338, 949-953.

  • Burre, J., The synaptic function of a-synuclein. J. Parkinson’s Dis., 2015, 5, 699-713.

  • Surguchov, A., Molecular and cellular biology of synucleins. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol., 2012, 270, 227-291.

  • Bendor, J. T., Logan, T. P. and Edwards, R. H., The function of alpha-synuclein. Neuron, 2013, 79(6), 1044-1066.

  • Petersen, K., Olesen, O. F. and Mikkelsen, J. D., Developmental expression of alpha-synuclein in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Neuroscience, 1999, 91, 651-659.

  • Surguchov, A., Palazzo, R. E. and Surgucheva, I., Gamma synucleins: subcellular localization in neuronal cells and effect on signal transduction. CellMotil., Cytoskeleton, 2001, 49(4), 218-228.

  • Chu, Y. and Kordower, J. H., Age-associated increases of alphasynuclein in monkeys and humans are associated with nigrostriatal dopamine depletion: is this the target for Parkinson’s disease? Neurobiol Dis., 2007, 25, 134-149.

  • Chandra, S., Gallardo, G., Fernandez-Chacon, R., Schluter, O. M. and Sudhof, T. C., Alphasynuclein cooperates with CSP alpha in preventing neurodegeneration. Cell, 2005, 123, 383-396.

  • Nakai, M. et al., Expression of alpha-synuclein, a presynaptic protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease, in erythropoietic lineage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007, 358, 104-110.

  • Martinez-Navarrete, G., Martin-Nieto, J., Esteve-Rudd, J., Angulo, A. and Cuenca, N., a -Synuclein gene expression profile in the retina of vertebrates. Mol. Vis., 2007, 13, 949-461.

  • Surgucheva, I., MacMahon, B. and Surguchov, A., Patterns of synuclein expression throughout lens development. J. Biophys. Chem., 2010, 1, 12-18.

  • Seleem, A. A., Expression of alpha-synuclein during eye development of mice (Mus musculus), chick (Gallus gallus domisticus) and fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in a comparison study. Tissue Cell, 2015, 47(4), 359-365.

  • Ballettoe, M., Cherch, A. and Gaspertt, I. J., Amphibians of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna o f Saudi Arabia, 1985, 7, 318-392.

  • Limbaug, B. A. and Volpei, E. P., Early development of the Gulf Cost toad Bufo Valliceps, Weigmann. American Museum Novitates, 1842, New York, 1957, pp. 1-32.

  • Ba-Omar, T., Amhu-Saidi, I., Al-Bahry, S. and Al-Khayat, A., Embryonic and larval staging of the Arabian Toad, Bufo arabicus (Amphibia: Bufonidae). Zool. Middle East, 2004, 32, 47-55.

  • Drury, R. and Wallnigton, E., Carleton’s Histological Technique, Oxford University Press, London, 1976.

  • Buchlowalow, B. I. and Bocker, W., Immunohistochemistry. Basics and Methods, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010, p. 48.

  • Jeffery, W. R., Strickler, A. G. and Yamamoto, Y., Migratory neural crest-like cells form body pigmentation in a urochordate embryo. Nature, 2004, 431, 696-699.

  • Noden, D. M. and Trainor, A. P., Relations and interactions between cranial mesoderm and neural crest populations. J. Anat., 2005, 207, 575-601.

  • Zhong, S., Luo, X., Chen, X., Cai, Q., Liu, J., Chen, X. and Yao, Z., Expression and subcellular location of alpha-synuclein during mouse embryonic development. Cell Mol. Neurobiol., 2010, 30, 469-482.

  • Gehring, W. J. and Ikeo, K., Pax 6: mastering eye morphogenesis and eye evolution. Trends Genet., 1999, 15, 371-377.

  • Ashery-Padan, R. and Gruss, P., Pax6 lights-up the way for eye development. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 2001, 13, 706-714.

  • Fuchshofer, R., Welge-Lussen, U. and Lutjen-Drecoll, E., The effect of TGF-beta2 on human trabecular meshwork extracellular proteolytic system. Exp. Eye Res., 2003, 77, 757-765.

  • Fuchshofer, R., Yu, A. H., Welge-Lussen, U. and Tamm, E. R., Bone morphogenetic protein-7 is an antagonist of transforming growth factor-beta2 in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2007, 48, 715-726.

  • Fuchshofer, R. and Tamm, E. R., Modulation of extracellular matrix turnover in the trabecular meshwork. Exp. Eye Res., 2009, 88, 683-688.

  • Fuchshofer, R. and Tamm, E. R., The role of TGF-P in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Cell Tissue Res., 2012, 347, 279-290.

  • Junglas, B. et al., Connective tissue growth factor causes glaucoma by modifying the actin cytoskeleton of the trabecular meshwork. Am. J. Pathol., 2012, 80(6), 2386-2403.

  • Abu-Hassan, D. W., Acott, T. S. and Kelley, M. J., The trabecular meshwork: a basic review of form and function. J. Ocul. Biol., 2014, 2(1), 1-22.

  • Soules, K. A. and Link, B. A., Morphogenesis of the anterior segment in the zebrafish eye. BMC Dev. Biol., 2005, 5, 12-28.

  • Surguchov, A., McMahan, B., Masliah, E. and Surgucheva, I., Synucleins in ocular tissues. J. Neurosci. Res., 2001, 65, 68-77.

  • Trimarchi, J. M., Stadler, M. B., Roska, B., Billings, N., Sun, B., Bartch, B. and Cepko, C. L., Molecular heterogeneity of developing retinal ganglion and amacrine cells revealed through single cell gene expression profiling. J. Comp. Neurol., 2007, 502, 1047-1065.

  • Chapple, J. P., Grayson, C., Hardcastle, A. J., Saliba, R. S., van der Spuy, J. and Cheesam, M. E., Unfolding retinal dystrophies: a role for molecular chaperones? Trends Mol. Med., 2001, 7, 414-421.

  • Chandra, S., Chen, X., Rizo, J., Jahn, R. and Sudhof, T. C., A broken alpha-helix in folded alpha-Synuclein. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 15313-15318.

  • Fauvet, B. et al., Alpha-synuclein in central nervous system and from erythrocytes, mammalian cells, and Escherichia coli exists predominantly as disordered monomer. J. Biol. Chem., 2012, 287, 15345-15364.

  • Burre, J., Vivona, S., Diao, J., Sharma, M., Brunger, A. T. and Sudhof, T. C., Properties of native brain alpha-synuclein. Nature, 2013, 498, 4-7.

  • Li, W. W., Yang, R., Guo, J. C., Ren, H. M., Zha, X. L., Cheng, J. S. and Cai, D. F., Localization of alpha-synuclein to mitochondria within midbrain of mice. Neuroreport, 2007, 18, 1543-1546.

  • Cole, N. B., DiEuliis, D., Leo, P., Mitchell, D. C. and Nussbaum, R. L., Mitochondrial translocation of a-synuclein is promoted by intracellular acidification. Exp. Cell Res., 2008, 314, 2076-2089.

  • Chinta, S. J., Mallajosyula, J. K., Rane, A. and Andersen, J. K., Mitochondrial a-synuclein accumulation impairs complex I function in dopaminergic neurons and results in increased mitophagy in vivo. Neurosci. Lett., 2010, 486, 235-239.

  • Singleton, A. B. et al., Alpha-synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson’s disease. Science, 2003, 302, p. 84.

  • Ibanez, P. et al., Causal relation between alpha-synuclein gene duplication and familial Parkinson’s disease. Lancet, 2004, 364, 1169-1171.

  • Abeliovich, A. et al., Mice lacking alpha-synuclein display functional deficits in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Neuron, 2000, 25, 239-252.

  • Cabin, D. E. et al., Synaptic vesicle depletion correlates with attenuated synaptic responses to prolonged repetitive stimulation in mice lacking alpha-synuclein. J. Neurosci., 2002, 22, 8797-8807.

  • Cookson, M. R., a-Synuclein and neuronal cell death. Mol. Neurodegener., 2009, 4, 9-23.

  • Stefanis, L., a-Synuclein in Parkinson’s disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 2012, 2(2), 1-23.

  • Yuan, J. and Zhao, Y., Evolutionary aspects of the synuclein superfamily and sub-families based on large-scale phylogenetic and group-discrimination analysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2013, 441(2), 308-317.

  • Toni, M. and Cioni, C., Fish synucleins: an update. Mar. Drugs, 2015, 13, 6665-6686.

  • Tiunova, A. A. et al., Chicken synucleins: cloning and expression in the developing embryo. Mech. Dev., 2000, 99, 195-198.

  • Yoshida, H. et al., Synuclein proteins of the pufferfish Fugu rubripes: sequences and functional characterization. Biochemistry, 2006, 45, 2599-2607.

  • Larsen, K., Hedegaard, C., Bertelsen, M. F. and Bendixen, C., Threonine 53 in alpha-synuclein is conserved in long-living nonprimate animals. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2009, 387, 602-605.

  • Busch, D. J. and Morgan, J. R., Synuclein accumulation is associated with cell-specific neuronal death after spinal cord injury. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012, 520, 1751-1771.

  • Sun, Z. and Gitler, A. D., Discovery and characterization of three novel synuclein genes in zebrafish. Dev. Dyn. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Anat., 2008, 237, 2490-2495.

  • Chen, Y. C. et al., Recapitulation of zebrafish sncga expression pattern and labeling the habenular complex in transgenic zebrafish using green fluorescent protein reporter gene. Dev. Dyn. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Anat., 2009, 238, 746-754.

  • Milanese, C. Sager, J. J., Bai, Q., Farrell, T. C., Cannon, J. R., Greenamyre, J. T. and Burton, E. A., Hypokinesia and reduced dopamine levels in zebrafish lacking beta- and gamma1synucleins. J. Biol. Chem., 2012, 287, 2971-2983.

  • Wang, C., Liu, Y., Chan, W. Y., Chan, S. O., Grunz, H. and Zhao, H., Characterization of three synuclein genes in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Dyn., 2011, 240, 2028-2033.

  • Lavedan, C., The synuclein family. Genome Res., 1998, 8, 871-880.


Abstract Views: 404

PDF Views: 127




  • Expression of Alpha-Synuclein During Eye Development of Bufo arabicus

Abstract Views: 404  |  PDF Views: 127

Authors

Amin A. Seleem
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Allula, Taibah University,, Saudi Arabia
Fakhr El-Din M. Lashein
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

Abstract


Alpha-synuclein contributes to neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized with the increase of its expression and collectively known as synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy’s bodies. A healthy balance of alpha-synuclein is important for preventing synucleinopathies, whereas the normal physiological role of alpha-synuclein is still under investigation. The present study was designed to evaluate the involvement of alpha-synuclein in the eye of Bufo arabicus during development, metamorphosis and adult stage. Different larval and adult stages of Bufo arabicus were obtained for histological and immunofluorescent expression of alpha-synuclein during eye development. The results showed that alphasynuclein expression was associated with differentiation and migration of periocular mesenchyme cells that will form the trabecular meshwork. Also, alphasynuclein expression was detected in the ciliary body at the adult stage. This study confirmed an additional role of alpha-synuclein during the development of the anterior eye chamber. On the other hand, synuclein expressions in Bufo arabicus under study helps improve our knowledge about gene conservation studies and the mechanisms by which the anterior chamber of the vertebrate eye is differentiated during development. Also, synuclein might be considered as an evolutionary conserved gene expression during eye development of Bufo arabicus.

Keywords


Alpha-Synuclein, Anterior Eye Chamber, Eye Development, Trabecular Meshwork.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv115%2Fi7%2F1305-1311