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Redox Structure of Vindhyan Hydrosphere:Clues from Total Organic Carbon, Transition Metal (Mo, Cr) Concentrations and Stable Isotope (δ13 C) Chemistry


Affiliations
1 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India
2 Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
3 Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
 

Trace metal concentration in black shales can hold valuable information regarding ancient deep-ocean redox state. The size of marine reservoir of redoxsensitive elements (particularly molybdenum and chromium) is principally controlled by the extent of anoxicity in marine conditions following the onset of oxidative weathering post Great Oxygenation Event (~2.5-2.3 Ga). Hence, it is considered that coupled analysis involving redox-sensitive element/s and primary organic productivity (total organic carbon) may provide a clue for redox behaviour of ancient deep ocean. Here, we use the redox behaviour of Mo and total organic carbon values of Vindhyan shales to show that the Vindhyan hydrosphere although initiated as a stratified sea with anoxic and sulphidic deep water as exemplified by the geochemical character of the Arangi Shale, the extent and veracity of anoxicity and euxinicity was never pervasive. It further suggests that the Vindhyan hydrosphere developed euxinic deep water only during deposition of Arangi, Rampur and Bijaygarh black shale and was anoxic but certainly not euxinic during Koldaha and Rewa sedimentation. The low concentration of Mo and Cr, in general, in argillaceous intervals suggests that the Vindhyan Sea behaved as a moderate Mo and depleted Cr reservoir. The consistent low concentration of Cr within the Vindhyan shales also suggests restriction in the availability of Cr in the water column in the absence of any significant detrital supply of Cr at very low atmospheric oxygen level (<0.1% PAL; present atmospheric level).

Keywords

Hydrosphere, Primary Organic Productivity, Total Organic Carbon, Transition Metals, Stable Isotope Chemistry.
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  • Redox Structure of Vindhyan Hydrosphere:Clues from Total Organic Carbon, Transition Metal (Mo, Cr) Concentrations and Stable Isotope (δ13 C) Chemistry

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Authors

Arvind K. Singh
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India
Partha Pratim Chakraborty
Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
Subir Sarkar
Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India

Abstract


Trace metal concentration in black shales can hold valuable information regarding ancient deep-ocean redox state. The size of marine reservoir of redoxsensitive elements (particularly molybdenum and chromium) is principally controlled by the extent of anoxicity in marine conditions following the onset of oxidative weathering post Great Oxygenation Event (~2.5-2.3 Ga). Hence, it is considered that coupled analysis involving redox-sensitive element/s and primary organic productivity (total organic carbon) may provide a clue for redox behaviour of ancient deep ocean. Here, we use the redox behaviour of Mo and total organic carbon values of Vindhyan shales to show that the Vindhyan hydrosphere although initiated as a stratified sea with anoxic and sulphidic deep water as exemplified by the geochemical character of the Arangi Shale, the extent and veracity of anoxicity and euxinicity was never pervasive. It further suggests that the Vindhyan hydrosphere developed euxinic deep water only during deposition of Arangi, Rampur and Bijaygarh black shale and was anoxic but certainly not euxinic during Koldaha and Rewa sedimentation. The low concentration of Mo and Cr, in general, in argillaceous intervals suggests that the Vindhyan Sea behaved as a moderate Mo and depleted Cr reservoir. The consistent low concentration of Cr within the Vindhyan shales also suggests restriction in the availability of Cr in the water column in the absence of any significant detrital supply of Cr at very low atmospheric oxygen level (<0.1% PAL; present atmospheric level).

Keywords


Hydrosphere, Primary Organic Productivity, Total Organic Carbon, Transition Metals, Stable Isotope Chemistry.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv115%2Fi7%2F1334-1341