Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Impact of Open Burning of Crop Residues on Air Pollution and Climate Change in Indonesia


Affiliations
1 The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
2 Research and Development Center for Tropical Biomass, Institute for Research and Community Services, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
 

Crop residues are subjected to open burning in Indonesia. These farming practices were studied to determine the proportion of open burned and their contribution to air pollution based on crop and air pollutant specific emission factors. On an annual basis, it was estimated that 45 million tonnes of crop residues are open burned. This leads to emission of greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants. On an average, CO2 and CO dominate the overall emissions with 90% and 8% respectively. The remaining 2% are contributed by CH4, SO2, NOx, NH3, N2O, NMVOC and particulate matter. Climate charging emissions were assessed to contribute 12–14% towards global warming potential by the global crop residues open burning.

Keywords

Crop Residues, Emission Factors, Global Warming, Indonesia, Open Burning.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Levine, J. S., Cofer, W. R., Cahoon, D. R. and Winstead, E. L., Biomass burning: a driver for global change. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1995, 29, 120A–125A.

  • Yamasoe, M. A., Artaxo, P., Miguel, A. H. and Allen, A. G., Chemical composition of aerosol particles from direct emissions of vegetation fires in the Amazon Basin: water soluble species and trace elements. Atmos. Environ., 2000, 34, 1641–1653.

  • Crutzen, P. J. and Andreae, M. O., Biomass burning in the tropics: impacts on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science, 1990, 250, 1678–1679.

  • Levine, J. S., Global biomass burning: a case study of the gaseous and particulate emissions released to the atmosphere during the 1997 fires in Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia. In Biomass Burning and its Inter-relationships with the Climate System (eds Innes, J. L., Beniston, M. and Verstraete, M. M.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 2000, vol. 3, pp. 15–31.

  • Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Woo, J. H. and Carmichael, G. R., Biomass burning in Asia: annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions. Global Biogeochem. Cy., 2003, 17(4), 1099.

  • Badarinath, K. V. S., Chand, T. R. K. and Prasad, V. K., Agriculture crop residue burning in the Indo-Gangetic Plains – a study using IRS-P6 AWiFS satellite data. Curr. Sci., 2006, 91(8), 1085– 1089.

  • Duan, F., Liu, X., Yu, T. and Cachier, H., Identification and estimate of biomass burning contribution to the urban aerosol organic carbon concentrations in Beijing. Atmos. Environ., 2004, 38, 1275–1282.

  • Lenka, S., Lenka, N. K., Singh, R. C., Rao, A. S., Kundu, S., Raghuwansi, J. and Patidar, C. P., Greenhouse gas emission and soil properties as influenced by wheat biomass burning in vertisols of central India. Curr. Sci., 2014, 107(7), 1150–1154.

  • Gupta, P. K. et al., Residue burning in rice-wheat cropping system: causes and implications. Curr. Sci., 2004, 87(12), 1713– 1717.

  • Oozeer, M. Y. et al., Numerical study of the transport and convective mechanisms of biomass burning haze in South-Southeast Asia. Aerosol. Air Qual. Res., 2016, 16, 2950–2963.

  • Pandey, K. and Sahu, L. K., Emissions of volatile organic compounds from biomass burning sources and their ozone formation potential over India. Curr. Sci., 2014, 106(9), 1270–1279.

  • Heil, A., Air pollution caused by large scale forest fires in Indonesia 1997. In Workshop on South-East Asian Land/Forest Fires: Science and Policy, Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, Singapore, 1998.

  • Rahman, S. A. et al., A long term study on characterization and source apportionment of particulate pollution in Klang Valley, Kuala Lumpur. Aerosol. Air Qual. Res., 2015, 15, 2291– 2304.

  • Chan, F., Air pollution in Indonesia falls to its lowest levels; www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/air-pollution-in-indonesia-falls-to-its-lowest-levels (accessed on 25 July 2017).

  • World Bank, Indonesia’s fire and haze crisis; www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/12/01/indonesias-fire-and-haze-crisis (accessed on 25 September 2017).

  • FAO, Indonesia; www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4632e/y4632e0l.htm (accessed on 10 September 2015).

  • Oanh, N. T. K., Bich, T. L., Tipayarom, D., Manadhar, B. R., Prapat, P. and Simpson, C. D., Characterization of particulate matter emission from open burning of rice straw. Atmos. Environ., 2011, 45(2), 493–502.

  • Gadde, B., Bonnet, S., Menke, C. and Garivait, S., Air pollutant emission from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines. Environ. Pollut., 2009, 157, 1554–1558.

  • Mahmud, M., Assessment of atmospheric impacts of biomass open burning in Kalimantan, Borneo during 2004. Atmos. Environ., 2013, 78, 242–249.

  • Permadi, D. A. and Oanh, N. T. K., Assessment of biomass open burning emissions in Indonesia and potential climate forcing impact. Atmos. Environ., 2013, 78, 250–258.

  • Makarim, A. K. and Sumanto., S., Rice Straw: Management and Utilization, Research and Development Center of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia, 2007.

  • Rumbayan, M., Biomass energy resources assessment in North Sulawesi. Biomass Energy Resour., 2004, 10(3), 223–226.

  • Sasongko, W. R., Wishnu, I. M. W. and Yohannes, G. B., Livestock farming system technology application for goat in a dry land village, Sambelia. Research and Development Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia, 2004.

  • Ministry of Agriculture; www.pertanian.go.id/ap_pages/mod/datatp (accessed on 21 November 2015).

  • Yamane, T., Statistics. An Introductory Analysis, Harper and Row, New York, 2nd edn, 1967.

  • Andini, A., Rousset, P., Hasanudin, U. and Bonnet, S., Assessment of the proportion of crop residues subject to open burning available as energy feedstock in Indonesia. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment, Energy and Climate Change: Innovating for a Sustainable Future, Bangkok, Thailand, 2016.

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, In 2006 IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme (eds Eggleston, H. S. et al.), IGES, Japan, 2006.

  • Turn, S. Q., Jenkins, B. M., Chow, J. C., Pritchett, L. C., Campbell, D., Cahill, T. and Whalen, S. A., Elemental characterization of particulate matter emitted from biomass burning: wind tunnel derived sources profile for herbaceous and wood fuel. J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 1997, 102, 3683–3700.

  • Seiler, W. and Crutzen, P. J., Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and atmosphere from biomass burning. Climatic Change, 1980, 2, 207–247.

  • Chang, C.-H., Liu, C.-C. and Tseng, P.-Y., Emissions inventory for rice straw open burning in Taiwan based on burned area classification and mapping using formosat-2 satellite imagery. Aerosol. Air Qual. Res., 2013, 13, 474–487.

  • Yevich, R. and Logan, J. A., An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world. Global Biogeochem. Cy., 2003, 17, 1095.

  • Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P., Emissions of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochem. Cy., 2001, 15, 955–966.

  • Christian, T. J. et al., Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass-burning emissions: Emissions from Indonesian, African, and other fuels. J. Geophys. Res., 2003, 108(D23), 4719–4732.

  • Kadam, K. L., Forrest, L. H. and Jacobson, W. A., Rice straw as a lignocellulosic resource: collection, processing, transportation, and environmental aspects. Biomass Bioenerg., 2000, 18, 369– 389.

  • Jenkins, B. M. and Bhatnagar, A. P., On the electric power potential from paddy straw in the Punjab and the optimal size of the power generation station. Bioresour. Technol., 1991, 37, 35–41.

  • US EPA, Emission Factor: Documentation for AP-42, Open Burning. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and Office of Air and Radiation, US Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina, 1992, p. 34.

  • Cao, G., Zhang, X., Gong, S. and Zheng, F., Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning. Environm. Sci., 2008, 20(1), 50–55.

  • Dennis, A., Fraser, M., Anderson, S. and Allen, D., Air pollutant emissions associated with forest, grassland, and agricultural burning in Texas. Atmos. Environ., 2002, 36(23), 3779–3792.

  • Li, X., Wang, S., Duan, L., Hao, J., Li, C., Chen, Y. and Yang, L., Particulate and trace gas emissions from open burning of wheat straw and corn stover in China. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2007, 41(17), 6052–6058.

  • Zhang, J. et al., Greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants from household stoves in China: a database for emission factors. Atmos. Environ., 2000, 34(26), 4537–4549.

  • Reddy, M. S. and Venkataraman, C., Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India. Part II–biomass combustion. Atmos. Environ., 2002, 36(4), 699–712.

  • Penner, J. E., Chuang, C. C. and Liousse, C., The contribution of carbonaceous aerosols to climate change. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, Helisinki, Finland, 1996.

  • GFED4, www.geo.vu.nl/~gwerf/GFED/GFED4/tables/ (accessed on 15 September 2017).

  • Koopman, A. and Koppejan, J., Agricultural and forest residue – generation, utilization and availability. In Regional Consultation on Modern Application of Biomass Energy, FAO, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1997.


Abstract Views: 479

PDF Views: 155




  • Impact of Open Burning of Crop Residues on Air Pollution and Climate Change in Indonesia

Abstract Views: 479  |  PDF Views: 155

Authors

Ade Andini
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
Sébastien Bonnet
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
Patrick Rousset
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
Udin Hasanudin
Research and Development Center for Tropical Biomass, Institute for Research and Community Services, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia

Abstract


Crop residues are subjected to open burning in Indonesia. These farming practices were studied to determine the proportion of open burned and their contribution to air pollution based on crop and air pollutant specific emission factors. On an annual basis, it was estimated that 45 million tonnes of crop residues are open burned. This leads to emission of greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants. On an average, CO2 and CO dominate the overall emissions with 90% and 8% respectively. The remaining 2% are contributed by CH4, SO2, NOx, NH3, N2O, NMVOC and particulate matter. Climate charging emissions were assessed to contribute 12–14% towards global warming potential by the global crop residues open burning.

Keywords


Crop Residues, Emission Factors, Global Warming, Indonesia, Open Burning.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv115%2Fi12%2F2259-2266