Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Indian Coastal Ocean Radar Network


Affiliations
1 Coastal and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai - 600 100, India
 

As a part of the Indian Ocean Observation Network, National Institute of Ocean Technology operates and maintains a network of high frequency radar (HFR) systems along the Indian coast, known as Indian coastal ocean radar network (ICORN). It is a land-based remote sensing system capable of measuring surface currents as far as 200 km from the coast and waves, and wind direction nearly 100 km offshore. The HFR systems utilize electromagnetic waves in the 3-45 MHz frequency band and use Bragg scattering principle to deduce the oceanographic parameters. ICORN currently operates and maintains five pairs (10 sites) of long-range systems (∼5 MHz) which covers four states and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These systems operate at a spatial resolution of 6 km and temporal resolution of one hour. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services at Hyderabad disseminates this data for scientific and maritime operations. The potential of HFR systems is enormous and can be employed in various facets of operational oceanography and applied research.

Keywords

HF Radar, EICC, ICORN, Surface Currents, Waves.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Amol, P. et al., Observational evidence from direct current measurements for propagation of remotely forced waves on the shelf of the west coast of India. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 2012, 117(C05017), 1-15; doi:10.1029/2011JC007606.

  • Amol, P. et al., Observed intraseasonal and seasonal variability of the West India coastal current on the continental slope. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2014, 123(5), 1045-1074.

  • Mukherjee, A. et al., Observed seasonal and intraseasonal variability of the east India coastal current on the continental slope. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2014, 123(6), 1197-1232.

  • Parks, A. B., Shay, L. K., Johns, W. E., Martinez-Pedraja, J. and Gurgel, K. W., HF radar observations of small-scale surface current variability in the straits of Florida. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 2009, 114(8), 1-17; doi:10.1029/2008JC005025.

  • Rubio, A. et al., HF radar activity in European coastal seas: next steps towards a pan-European HF radar network. Front Mar. Sci., 2017, 4(8), 1-20.

  • Barrick, D. E., Theory of HF and VHF propagation across the rough sea, 1, the effective surface impedance for a slightly rough highly conducting medium at grazing incidence. Radio Sci., 1971, 6(5), 517-526.

  • Barrick, D. E., Theory of HF and VHF propagation across the rough sea, 2, application to HF and VHF propagation above the sea. Radio Sci., 1971, 6(5), 527-533.

  • Stewart, R. H. and Joy, J. W., HF radio measurements of ocean surface currents. Deep Sea Res., 1974, 21, 1039-1049.

  • Barrick, D. E., Evans, M. W. and Weber, B. L., Ocean surface currents mapped by radar. Science, 1977, 198(4313), 138-144.

  • Gurgel, K. W., Antonischki, G., Essen, H. H. and Schlick, T., Wellen Radar (WERA): A new ground-wave HF radar for ocean remote sensing. Coast Eng., 1999, 37, 219-234.

  • Roarty, H., Hazard, L. and Fanjul, E., Growing network of radar systems monitors ocean surface currents. Eos (Washington DC), 2016, 97; doi:10.1029/2016EO049243.

  • Paduan, J. D. and Washburn, L., High-frequency radar observations of ocean surface currents. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2013, 5, 115- 136; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22809196.doi:10.1146/ annurev-marine-121211-172315.

  • John, M., Jena, B. K. and Sivakholundu, K. M., Surface current and wave measurement during cyclone Phailin by high frequency radars along the Indian coast. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108(3), 405-409.

  • Harlan, J., Terrill, E., Hazard, L., Otero, M. and Roarty, H., The integrated ocean observing system HF radar network. Ocean MTS/IEEE Washington, 2015.

  • Wyatt, L. R., Coastal Ocean Observing Systems, 2015; ISBN9780128020227.

  • Fujii, S. et al., An overview of developments and applications of oceanographic radar networks in Asia and Oceania countries. Ocean Sci. J., 2013, 48(1), 69-97; doi:10.1007/s12601-013-0007-0.

  • Crombie, D. D., Doppler spectrum of Sea Echoat 13.56 Mc./s. Nature, 1955, 175(4459), 681-682.

  • Lipa, B. and Barrick, D., Least-squares methods for the extraction of surface currents from CODAR crossed-loop data: Application at ARSLOE. IEEE J. Ocean Eng., 1983, 8.

  • Cosoli, S., Bolzon, G. and Mazzoldi, A., A real-time and offline quality control methodology for seasonde high-frequency radar currents. J. Atmos. Ocean Technol., 2012, 29(9), 1313-1328; doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00217.1.

  • Lipa, B., Derivation of directional ocean wave spectra by integral inversion of the second order radar echoes. Radio Sci., 1977, 12(3), 425-434.

  • Arunraj, K. S., Suseentharan, V. and Jena, B. K., Observations of small-scale variability in surface currents along the East coast of India from HF radar Network. In IRAD2017, Indian Inst. Technol. Kharagpur, 2017.

  • Samiran, M., Sourav, S., Arunraj, K. S. and Jena, B. K., Submesoscale circulation features along Andhra coast: observations from HF radar. In OSICON17, NCESS, Thiruvananthapuram, 2017.

  • Arunraj, K. S., Jena, B. K., Suseentharan, V., Tushar, K. and Ramanamurthy, M. V., Variation in surface current along Tamil Nadu coast during NADA and VARDAH cyclones from HF Radar observations. In: OSICON17, NCESS, Thiruvananthapuram, 2017.

  • Arunraj, K., Jena, B. K., Suseentharan, V. and Rajkumar, J., Variability in eddy distribution associated with East India Coastal Current from high-frequency radar observations along southeast coast of India. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean, 2018, 123; https://doi.org/ 10.1029/2018JC014041.


Abstract Views: 492

PDF Views: 126




  • Indian Coastal Ocean Radar Network

Abstract Views: 492  |  PDF Views: 126

Authors

B. K. Jena
Coastal and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai - 600 100, India
K. S. Arunraj
Coastal and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai - 600 100, India
V. Suseentharan
Coastal and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai - 600 100, India
Tushar Kukadiya
Coastal and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai - 600 100, India
T. Karthikeyan
Coastal and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai - 600 100, India

Abstract


As a part of the Indian Ocean Observation Network, National Institute of Ocean Technology operates and maintains a network of high frequency radar (HFR) systems along the Indian coast, known as Indian coastal ocean radar network (ICORN). It is a land-based remote sensing system capable of measuring surface currents as far as 200 km from the coast and waves, and wind direction nearly 100 km offshore. The HFR systems utilize electromagnetic waves in the 3-45 MHz frequency band and use Bragg scattering principle to deduce the oceanographic parameters. ICORN currently operates and maintains five pairs (10 sites) of long-range systems (∼5 MHz) which covers four states and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These systems operate at a spatial resolution of 6 km and temporal resolution of one hour. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services at Hyderabad disseminates this data for scientific and maritime operations. The potential of HFR systems is enormous and can be employed in various facets of operational oceanography and applied research.

Keywords


HF Radar, EICC, ICORN, Surface Currents, Waves.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv116%2Fi3%2F372-378