Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Molecular Phylogeography of Ficus benghalensis Linnaeus using nrDNA ITS 1, cpDNA trnL and cpDNA rps16 from the Indian Subcontinent


Affiliations
1 Department of Biosciences, and Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
2 Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
 

Ficus benghalensis Linnaeus (Moraceae) is the national tree of India and is well known for its pharmacolo-gical properties. The present study was aimed to determine the genetic diversity of F. benghalensis from the Indian subcontinent using sequence-based multi-locus phylogeography. A total of 20 geograph-ical isolates were collected from different regions, cov-ering major parts of its species range within the country. Sequence data from nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1), plastid-encoded trnL-F spacer region (trnL) and ribosomal intron re-gion (rps16) were generated. The trnL-based maxi-mum likelihood phylogram revealed the existence of two haplotypes, whereas ITS1 and rps16-based maxi-mum likelihood analysis did not reveal much variation for this species distributed in the Indian subcontinent. These results depict long-distance random gene flow across the subcontinent, and support the post-glacial population contraction events. To validate the impact of palaeo-historic climatic events on current geo-graphic and genetic distribution, species distribution modelling-coupled phylogeography is suggested.

Keywords

Banyan, Genetic Heterogeneity, Haplotypes, Maximum Likelihood, Phylogeography.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Chantarasuwan, B., Berg, C. C., Kjellberg, F., Rønsted, N., Gar-cia, M., Baider, C. and van Welzen, P. C., A new classification of Ficus subsection Urostigma (Moraceae) based on four nuclear DNA markers (ITS, ETS, G3pdh, and ncpGS), morphology and leaf anatomy. PLoS One, 2015, 10(6); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128289.

  • Machado, C. A., Robbins, N., Gilbert, M. T. P. and Herre, E. A., Critical review of host specificity and its coevolutionary implica-tions in the fig/fig–wasp mutualism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 6558–6565.

  • Rønsted, N., Weiblen, G. D., Cook, J. M., Salamin, N., Machado, C. A. and Savolainen, V., 60 million years of co-divergence in the fig–wasp symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 2005, 272, 2593–2599.

  • Güven, K. C., Percot, A. and Sezik, E., Alkaloids in marine algae. Mar. Drugs, 2010, 8(2), 269–284.

  • Xu, L., Harrison, R. D., Yang, P. and Yang, D. R., New insight into the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of genus Ficus: vicariance played a relatively minor role compared with ecological opportunity and dispersal. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 49(6), 546–557.

  • Bhalerao, S. A., Poojari, A. C. and Sharma, A. C., Ethnobotany, phytochemical properties and pharmacological review of Ficus benghalensis Linn. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 4(8), 372–381.

  • Bhaskara Rao, K. V., Ojha, V., Preeti, Kumar, G. and Karthik, L., Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ficus ben-ghalensis (Moraceae) leaf extract. J. Biol. Act. Prod. Nat., 2014, 4(3), 236–248.

  • Ronsted, N., Weiblen, G. D., Clement, W. L., Zerega, N. J. C. and Savolainen, V., Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs (Ficus, Moraceae) to reveal the history of the fig pollination mutualism. Symbiosis (Rehovot), 2008, 45(1), 45.

  • Chowdhary, N., Kaur, M., Singh, A. and Kumar, B., Wound heal-ing activity of aqueous extracts of Ficus religiosa and Ficus ben-ghalensis leaves in rats. Ind. J. Res. Pharm. Biotechnol., 2014, 2(2), 1071.

  • Govindan, V. and Francis, G. S., Qualitative and quantitative determination of secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential of Ficus benghalensis Linn. seeds. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 7, 118–124.

  • Baraket, G., Olfa, S., Khaled, C., Messaoud, M., Mohamed, M., Mokhtar, T. and Amel, S. H., Chloroplast DNA analysis in Tunisi-an fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.): sequence variations of the trnL–trnF intergenic spacer. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2008, 36(11), 828–835.

  • Poeaim, A., Poeaim, S., Soytong, K. and Krajangvuthi, T., Genetic diversity of Ficus carica L. based on non-coding regions of chlo-roplast DNA. In 8th International Symposium on Biocontrol and Biotechnology, 2012.

  • Rakshith, D., Santosh, P. and Satish, S., Isolation and characteri-zation of antimicrobial metabolite producing endophytic Phomop-sis sp. from Ficus pumila Linn. (Moraceae). Int. J. Chem. Anal. Sci., 2013, 4(3), 156–160.

  • Oxelman, B., Lidén, M. and Berglund, D., Chloroplast rps16 intron phylogeny of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). Plant. Syst. Evol., 1997, 206(1–4), 393–410.

  • Bast, F., Sequence similarity search, multiple sequence alignment, model selection, distance matrix and phylogeny reconstruction. Nature Protoc. Exchange, 2013; doi:10.1038/protex.2013.065.

  • Honorio Coronado, E. N., Dexter, K. G., Poelchau, M. F., Hol-lingsworth, P. M., Phillips, O. L. and Pennington, R. T., Ficus insipida subsp. insipida (Moraceae) reveals the role of ecology in the phylogeography of widespread Neotropical rain forest tree species. J. Biogeogr., 2014, 41(9), 1697–1709.

  • Templeton, A. R., Using phylogeographic analyses of gene trees to test species status and processes. Mol. Ecol., 2001, 10(3), 779–791.

  • Bruun-Lund, S., Clement, W. L., Kjellberg, F. and Rønsted, N., First plastid phylogenomic study reveals potential cyto-nuclear discordance in the evolutionary history of Ficus L. (Moraceae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2017, 109, 93–104.

  • Fine, P. V., Zapata, F., Daly, D. C., Mesones, I., Misiewicz, T. M., Cooper, H. F. and Barbosa, C. E. A., The importance of environ-mental heterogeneity and spatial distance in generating phylogeo-graphic structure in edaphic specialist and generalist tree species of Protium (Burseraceae) across the Amazon Basin. J. Biogeogr., 2013, 40(4), 646–661.

  • Alberto, F. J. et al., Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change – evidence from tree populations. Global Change Biol., 2013, 19(6), 1645–1661.

  • Dalmaris, E., Ramalho, C. E., Poot, P., Veneklaas, E. J. and Byr-ne, M., A climate change context for the decline of a foundation tree species in south-western Australia: insights from phylogeog-raphy and species distribution modelling. Ann. Bot., 2015, 116(6), 941–952.

  • Mayol, M. et al., Adapting through glacial cycles: insights from a long-lived tree (Taxus baccata). New Phytol., 2015, 208(3), 973–986.

  • Woolbright, S. A., Whitham, T. G., Gehring, C. A., Allan, G. J. and Bailey, J. K., Climate relicts and their associated communities as natural ecology and evolution laboratories. Trends Ecol. Evol., 2014, 29(7), 406–416.

  • Roberts, D. R. and Hamann, A., Glacial refugia and modern genet-ic diversity of 22 western North American tree species. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 2015, 282(1804), 20142903.

  • Wisz, M. S. et al., The role of biotic interactions in shaping distri-butions and realised assemblages of species: implications for spe-cies distribution modelling. Biol. Rev., 2013, 88(1), 15–30.

  • Khan, S., Al-Qurainy, F., Nadeem, M. and Tarroum, M., Develop-ment of genetic markers for Ochradenus arabicus (Resedaceae), an endemic medicinal plant of Saudi Arabia. Genet. Mol. Res., 2012, 11(2), 1300–1308.


Abstract Views: 219

PDF Views: 85




  • Molecular Phylogeography of Ficus benghalensis Linnaeus using nrDNA ITS 1, cpDNA trnL and cpDNA rps16 from the Indian Subcontinent

Abstract Views: 219  |  PDF Views: 85

Authors

Sheetal Sharma
Department of Biosciences, and Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
Richa Mehra
Department of Biosciences, and Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
Felix Bast
Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India

Abstract


Ficus benghalensis Linnaeus (Moraceae) is the national tree of India and is well known for its pharmacolo-gical properties. The present study was aimed to determine the genetic diversity of F. benghalensis from the Indian subcontinent using sequence-based multi-locus phylogeography. A total of 20 geograph-ical isolates were collected from different regions, cov-ering major parts of its species range within the country. Sequence data from nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1), plastid-encoded trnL-F spacer region (trnL) and ribosomal intron re-gion (rps16) were generated. The trnL-based maxi-mum likelihood phylogram revealed the existence of two haplotypes, whereas ITS1 and rps16-based maxi-mum likelihood analysis did not reveal much variation for this species distributed in the Indian subcontinent. These results depict long-distance random gene flow across the subcontinent, and support the post-glacial population contraction events. To validate the impact of palaeo-historic climatic events on current geo-graphic and genetic distribution, species distribution modelling-coupled phylogeography is suggested.

Keywords


Banyan, Genetic Heterogeneity, Haplotypes, Maximum Likelihood, Phylogeography.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv117%2Fi2%2F293-298