Open Access
Subscription Access
Solar Module Installation in India:Concerns, Options and Roadmap
This article discusses the concerns, choices and tentative avenues towards the success of module installation for solar power production in India. Renewable energies, especially solar modules, have played a vital role in India’s recent success in the generation of electricity. Several initiatives have accordingly been taken to implement a sustainable model of development. To achieve those targets, it is necessary to deploy the time-tested and dependable crystalline silicon solar modules initially. To attain self-reliance and economic sustainability ($/W), India should also look beyond silicon solar cell modules by setting up foundries favourable for thin-film technologies as well. With already established thin-film materials like copper indium gallium selenide and cadmium telluride, development of advanced solar energy material, such as copper zinc tin sulphide and hybrid halide perovskites is therefore of unquestionable importance. On a short-term frame, contribution from these thin-film modules may not look very significant. These non-silicon modules should now supplement silicon technology to accomplish the present requirement and gradually phase out silicon modules in the long run.
Keywords
Module Manufacturing, Road Map in the Indian Context, Thin-Film Technology, Solar Cell Materials.
User
Font Size
Information
- Electricity and Elections in India; http://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/NewsDetail/index/8/10114/Electricity-And-Elections-In-India
- Energy in India; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_India
- Electricity sector in India; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India
- Power for all; http://powermin.nic.in/en/content/power-all
- National Action Plan on Climate Change; http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/home/Pg01-52.pdf
- Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission; http://www.mnre.gov.in/solar-mission/jnnsm/introduction-2/
- PV Technologies; https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ise/de/documents/publications/studies/Photovoltaics-Report.pdf
- CIGS solar cell; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells
- Shockley, W. and Queisser H. J., Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p–n junction solar cells. J. Appl. Phys., 1961, 32(3), 510–519.
- Price per watt; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_per_watt
- CdTe highest module efficiency; http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=833971
- Efficiency record of CIGS solar cells http://energyinformative.org/best-thin-film-solar-panels-amorphous-cadmium-telluride-cigs/
- Drawbacks of CdTe and CIGS solar cells; http://sinovoltaics.com/solar-cells/solar-cell-guide-part-2-thin-film-cdte-cigs-solar-cells/
- Liu, X. L. et al., The current status and future prospects of kesterite solar cells: a brief review. Prog. Photovoltaics, 2016, 24(6), 879–898.
- De Angelis, F., Meggiolaro, D., Mosconi, E., Petrozza, A., Nazeeruddin, M. K. and Snaith, H. J., Trends in Perovskite solar cells and optoelectronics: status of research and applications from the PSCO conference. ACS Energy Lett., 2017, 2(4), 857–861.
- Wang, W., Winkler, M. T., Gunawan, O., Gokmen, T., Todorov, T. K., Zhu, Y. and Mitzi, D. B., Device characteristics of CZTSSe thin-film solar cells with 12.6% efficiency. Adv. Energy Mater., 2014, 4(7), 1301465.
- Park N.-G., Methodologies for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. Nano Convergence 2016, 3(1), 15.
- Guchhait, A. et al., Over 20% efficient CIGS–Perovskite tandem solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 2017, 2(4), 807–812.
- Saidaminov, M. I., Mohammed, O. F. and Bakr, O. M., Lowdimensionalnetworked metal halide perovskites: the next big thing. ACS Energy Lett., 2017, 2(4), 889–896.
- Nayak, P. K., Bisquert, J. and Cahen, D., Assessing possibilities and limits for solar cells. Adv. Mater., 2011, 23(25), 2870–2876.
- Belghachi, A., Theoretical Calculation of the Efficiency Limit for Solar Cells, Solar Cells – New Approaches and Reviews (ed. Kosyachenko, P. L. A.), 2015, In Tech.
- Green, M. A., Emery, K., Hishikawa, Y., Warta, W., Dunlop, E. D., Levi, D. H. and Ho-Baillie, A. W. Y., Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 49). Prog. Photovoltaics, 2017, 25(1), 3–13.
- Niu, G. D., Guo, X. D. and Wang, L. D., Review of recent progress in chemical stability of perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3(17), 8970–8980.
- Yang, J. L., Fransishyn, K. M. and Kelly, T. L., Comparing the effect of mesoporous and planar metal oxides on the stability of methylammonium lead iodide thin films. Chem. Mater., 2016, 28(20), 7344–7352.
- Noh, J. H., Im, S. H., Heo, J. H., Mandal, T. N. and Seok, S. I., Chemical management for colorful, efficient, and stable inorganicorganic hybrid nanostructured solar cells. Nano. Lett., 2013, 13(4), 1764–1769.
- Dualeh, A., Gao, P., Seok, S. I., Nazeeruddin, M. K. and Graetzel, M., Thermal behavior of methylammonium lead-trihalide perovskite photovoltaic light harvesters. Chem. Mater., 2014, 26(21), 6160–6164.
- Habisreutinger, S. N., Leijtens, T., Eperon, G. E., Stranks, S. D., Nicholas, R. J. and Snaith, H. J., Carbon nanotube/polymer composites as a highly stable hole collection layer in perovskite solar cells. Nano Lett. 2014, 14(10), 5561–5568.
- Staebler–Wronski effect; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staebler%E2%80%93Wronski_effect
- Lindroos, J. and Savin, H., Review of light-induced degradation in crystalline silicon solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2016, 147, 115–126.
- Pizzini, S., Towards solar grade silicon: challenges and benefits for low cost photovoltaics. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2010, 94(9), 1528–1533.
- Safarian, J., Tranell, G. and Tangstad, M., Processes for Upgrading Metallurgical Grade Silicon to Solar Grade Silicon, in Technoport 2012 – Sharing Possibilities and 2nd Renewable Energy Research Conference (ed. Tranell, G.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2012, pp. 88–97.
- Potential induced degradation; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation
- Koch, S., Seidel, C., Grunow, P., Krauter, S. and Schoppa, M., Polarization effects and tests for crystalline silicon cells. In 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Hamburg, Germany, 2011.
- Schütze, M., Junghänel, M., Koentopp, M. B., Cwikla, S., Friedrich, S., Müller, J. W. and Wawer, P., Laboratory study of potential induced degradation of silicon photovoltaic modules. In 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, 2011.
- Growth of electricity sectors; http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/others/planning/pdm/growth_2016.pdf
- Renewable energy in India; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India
- Year wise solar power in India; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_India#cite_note-capa-18
- Solar module efficiencies https://cleantechnica.com/2013/04/01/current-solar-module-efficiency-nowhere-near-its-potential-especially-thin-film-solar-cpv-chart/
- Year-wise degradation of solar modules; https://natgrp.wordpress.com/2014/02/20/are-thin-films-a-much-more-riskier-proposition-than-crystalline-modules-this-comparison-report-from-wise-definitely-thinks-so/
Abstract Views: 380
PDF Views: 120