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Large Losses in Glacier Area and Water Availability by the End of Twenty-First Century under High Emission Scenario, Satluj Basin, Himalaya


Affiliations
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India
2 Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
3 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
 

Glaciers in the Satluj river basin are likely to lose 53% and 81% of area by the end of the century, if climate change followed RCP 8.5 scenario of CNRMCM5 and GFDL-CM3 models respectively. The large variability in area loss can be due to difference in temperature and precipitation projections. Presently, Satluj basin has approximately 2000 glaciers, 1426 sq. km glacier area and 62.3 Gt glacier stored water. The current mean specific mass balance is –0.40 m.w.e. a–1. This will change to –0.42 and – 1.1 m.w.e. a–1 by 2090, if climate data of CNRM-CM5 and GFDL-CM3 are used respectively. We have used an extreme scenario of GFDL-CM3 model to assess the changes in the contribution of glacier melt to the Bhakra reservoir. Mass balance model suggests that glaciers are contributing 2 km3 a–1 out of 14 km3 of water. This will increase to 2.2 km3 a–1 by 2050, and then reduce to 1.5 km3 a–1 by the end of the century. In addition, loss in glacier area by the end of century, will also increase the vulnerability of mountain communities, suggesting need for better adaptation and water management practices.

Keywords

Climate Change, Glacier, Glacier Melt Runoff, Himalaya, Mass Balance, Satluj Basin, Water Availability.
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  • Large Losses in Glacier Area and Water Availability by the End of Twenty-First Century under High Emission Scenario, Satluj Basin, Himalaya

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Authors

Veena Prasad
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India
Anil V. Kulkarni
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India
S. Pradeep
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India
S. Pratibha
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India
Sayli A. Tawde
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
Tejal Shirsat
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India
A. R. Arya
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India
Andrew Orr
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
Daniel Bannister
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom

Abstract


Glaciers in the Satluj river basin are likely to lose 53% and 81% of area by the end of the century, if climate change followed RCP 8.5 scenario of CNRMCM5 and GFDL-CM3 models respectively. The large variability in area loss can be due to difference in temperature and precipitation projections. Presently, Satluj basin has approximately 2000 glaciers, 1426 sq. km glacier area and 62.3 Gt glacier stored water. The current mean specific mass balance is –0.40 m.w.e. a–1. This will change to –0.42 and – 1.1 m.w.e. a–1 by 2090, if climate data of CNRM-CM5 and GFDL-CM3 are used respectively. We have used an extreme scenario of GFDL-CM3 model to assess the changes in the contribution of glacier melt to the Bhakra reservoir. Mass balance model suggests that glaciers are contributing 2 km3 a–1 out of 14 km3 of water. This will increase to 2.2 km3 a–1 by 2050, and then reduce to 1.5 km3 a–1 by the end of the century. In addition, loss in glacier area by the end of century, will also increase the vulnerability of mountain communities, suggesting need for better adaptation and water management practices.

Keywords


Climate Change, Glacier, Glacier Melt Runoff, Himalaya, Mass Balance, Satluj Basin, Water Availability.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv116%2Fi10%2F1721-1730