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Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk from Punjab, India


Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., CGKV, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491 001, India
2 School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India
 

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a toxic and carcinogenic metabolite secreted in milk of dairy animals which have consumed the aflatoxin B1 contaminated feedstuff. In this study, 230 different types of milk samples comprising raw, pasteurized and ultra-high temperature treated milk were collected from three different geographical sites of Punjab during different seasons and analysed for the presence of AFM1 by using ELISA as screening, and HPLC with fluorescence detection as confirmatory method. Of total, 51% samples were detected positive for AFM1, while 45% and 38% samples were found with AFM1 levels higher than the tolerance limits established by the European commission and Food safety and standard authority of India respectively. Results of study indicated a high incidence and levels of AFM1 in different types of milk during all seasons. Owing to this, there is a potential risk of liver cancer in people of Punjab, India especially children due to milk consumption. Therefore, strict regulatory actions are urgently required to control AFM1 level in milk below the legal standard limits. There is need to initiate routine examination of dairy animal feeds for aflatoxins to reduce animal and consequently human exposure.

Keywords

Aflatoxin M1, India, Pasteurized Milk, Raw Milk, UHT Milk.
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  • Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk from Punjab, India

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Authors

Anil Patyal
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., CGKV, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491 001, India
Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India
Jasbir Singh Bedi
School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India
Rabinder Singh Aulakh
School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India

Abstract


Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a toxic and carcinogenic metabolite secreted in milk of dairy animals which have consumed the aflatoxin B1 contaminated feedstuff. In this study, 230 different types of milk samples comprising raw, pasteurized and ultra-high temperature treated milk were collected from three different geographical sites of Punjab during different seasons and analysed for the presence of AFM1 by using ELISA as screening, and HPLC with fluorescence detection as confirmatory method. Of total, 51% samples were detected positive for AFM1, while 45% and 38% samples were found with AFM1 levels higher than the tolerance limits established by the European commission and Food safety and standard authority of India respectively. Results of study indicated a high incidence and levels of AFM1 in different types of milk during all seasons. Owing to this, there is a potential risk of liver cancer in people of Punjab, India especially children due to milk consumption. Therefore, strict regulatory actions are urgently required to control AFM1 level in milk below the legal standard limits. There is need to initiate routine examination of dairy animal feeds for aflatoxins to reduce animal and consequently human exposure.

Keywords


Aflatoxin M1, India, Pasteurized Milk, Raw Milk, UHT Milk.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv118%2Fi1%2F79-86