Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Low Cost Drinking Water Technology – Rainwater Harvesting With Solar Purification


Affiliations
1 Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan 415 523, India
 

As a result of scarcity and deteriorating quality of drinking water especially in rural India, more attention is being paid to rainwater harvesting. A very simple and low cost drinking water technology (DWT) has been developed which uses appropriate rainwater harvesting methodology and solar purification. The costliest item in DWT isthe storage tank. A possible mechanism for reducing this cost by the government of India scheme has been indicated inthe article. With cost reduction, this DWT can become a viable and economical solution for potable water in rural households.

Keywords

Escherichia Coli, Drinking Water Technology, Rainwater Harvesting, Solar Water Purifier.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Bhat, T. A., An analysis of demand and supply of water in India. J. Environ. Earth Sci., 2014, 4(11), 67–72.

  • Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), National Urban Sanitation Policy, 2009.

  • Suhag, R., CAG Audit Report Summary: National Rural Drinking Water Programme, PRS Legislative Research, New Delhi, 2018.

  • Khambete, A. K., When water kills, Indian Water Portal, 2019.

  • WHO, India groundwater: a valuable but diminishing resource, WHO, 2012.

  • Central Ground Water Board, Ground water quality scenario in India, Government of India, 2015.

  • World Bank, Deep wells and prudence: towards pragmatic action for addressing groundwater overexploitation in India, 2010.

  • Karim, M., Microbial contamination and associated health burden of rainwater harvesting in Bangladesh. Water Sci. Technol., 2010, 61(8), 2129–2135; doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.031.

  • Hamilton, K. et al., A global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanks. NPJ Clean Water, 2019, 2(7); doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-019-0030-5.

  • Sánchez, A. S. et al., A review on physicochemical and microbiological contamination of roof-harvested rainwater in urban areas. Sustain. Water Qual. Ecol., 2015, 6, 119–137; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2015.04.002.

  • Yongkyun, K. et al., Community-based rainwater harvesting (CB-RWH) to supply drinking water in developing countries: lessons learned from case studies in Africa and Asia. Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supp., 2016, 16(4), 1110–1121; doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.012.

  • Jean-Marc Mwenge Kahinda et al., Domestic rainwater harvesting to improve water supply in rural South Africa. Phys. Chem. Earth, 2007, 32, 1050–1057; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.007.

  • WHO, Chlorine in Drinking-water, World Health Organization, 2003.

  • Amin, M. T. et al., Improvement of solar based rainwater disinfection by using lemon and vinegar as catalysts. Desalination, 2011, 276(1–3), 416–424; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.076.

  • Borde, P. E. et al., Community challenges when using large plastic bottles for solar energy disinfection of water (SODIS). BMC Public Health, 2016, 16, 931.

  • Government of India Census, Households by predominant material of roof of census houses occupied by them, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, 2011.

  • Ministry of Urban Development, Model Building By-Laws, Government of India, 2016.

  • Rajvanshi, A. K. et al., Long Term Weather Trends in Phaltan, Maharashtra, 2006; https://nariphaltan.org/weather.pdf

  • Ang, C. Z. et al., Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved. Environ. Health Perspect., 2011, 119(7), 989–996; doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1289%2Fehp.1003220.

  • Vaishnav, A., Demand for Grants 2019–20 Analysis: Drinking Water and Sanitation, PRS Legislative Research, 2019.

  • Clean Water Team, Color of Water Fact Sheet, State Water Resources Control Board, 2009.

  • Bulson, C. P. et al., Removal and inactivation of bacteria during alum treatment of a lake. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1984, 48(2), 425–430

  • Peter, G., An Operator’s Guide to Water Treatment Coagulants, 31st Annual Qld Water Industry Workshop, Rockhampton, 2006, pp. 14–20.

  • WHO, In Water Quality Monitoring – A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes, UNEP/WHO, 1996.

  • Kaushik, R. et al., Microbial quality and phylogenetic diversity of fresh rainwater and tropical freshwater reservoir. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9(6): e100737; doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100737.

  • Geller, H. S., Fuel efficiency and performance of traditional and innovative cookstoves. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Eng. Sci., 1982, 5, 373–393.

  • WHO, Household air pollution and health, World Health Organization, 2018.

  • Rajvanshi, A. K. et al., Low-cost solar water purifier for rural households. Curr. Sci., 2018, 115(1), 32–34.

  • Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, MNRE standard: All glass (glass in glass) evacuated solar collector tubes, MNRE, 2013.

  • ISI, Recommendations for Basic Requirements of School Buildings, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi, 1978.


Abstract Views: 463

PDF Views: 124




  • Low Cost Drinking Water Technology – Rainwater Harvesting With Solar Purification

Abstract Views: 463  |  PDF Views: 124

Authors

Shivam D. Patange
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan 415 523, India
Nandini Nimbkar
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan 415 523, India
Anil K. Rajvanshi
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan 415 523, India

Abstract


As a result of scarcity and deteriorating quality of drinking water especially in rural India, more attention is being paid to rainwater harvesting. A very simple and low cost drinking water technology (DWT) has been developed which uses appropriate rainwater harvesting methodology and solar purification. The costliest item in DWT isthe storage tank. A possible mechanism for reducing this cost by the government of India scheme has been indicated inthe article. With cost reduction, this DWT can become a viable and economical solution for potable water in rural households.

Keywords


Escherichia Coli, Drinking Water Technology, Rainwater Harvesting, Solar Water Purifier.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv118%2Fi6%2F872-876