Full-Parameter Optimization to Locate Multi-Passage-Seepage in Abutment Using Groundwater Temperature

With groundwater temperature, hybrid-genetic algorithm is employed to locate multi-passage concentrated seepage underground to increase the probability of optimal global solutions, calculation efficiency and precision. The parameters of concentrated seepage passages (CSPs) indicated initially by the previous optimization and attraction basins of modified temperature residuals are evaluated again by the proposed full parameter optimization. The smaller CSP impacts on the stronger are eliminated, since all the parameters associated with all the CSPs are calculated by the last one-off optimization. In this case, three optimization steps are implemented with crossover fractions of 0.8, 0.5 and 0.45 (0.3), and the modified resultant residuals are 13.441, 2.27 and 0.7 individually. Results of this method are more effective compared to those from other methods and actual applications.