Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Evolution of health physics, radiation protection and regulatory framework in India


Affiliations
1 Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
2 Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai 400 094, India
 

In the early days of India’s nuclear energy programme, Homi Bhabha realized the importance of health physics and radiation safety aspects of nuclear facilities. The health physics and radiation protection activities have grown over the years with the multi-dimensional expansion of nuclear fuel cycle facilities and application of radiation in research, medicine and industry. This initiative further helped in laying a strong foundation for a national regulatory framework. AERB has establi­shed a multitier system of safety review and assessment to ensure that the use of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy does not pose an undue risk to the public and the environment.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Hacker, B. C., In Radiation Damage: Early Assessments: The Dragon’s Tail. Radiation Safety in the Manhattan Project, 1942–1946, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA, 1987.

  • AEET, Radioactive materials and radiation sources. Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay Office order, DAE/I/16/B(ii)/4813, 27 February 1960.

  • AEET, Manual for Radiation Protection in AEET, Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, 1965, p. 223.

  • Iyer, M. R., Anil Kumar Ganguly (1918–1988) – the evolution of health physics science in India. Compendium of Memoirs. Radiat. Prot. Environ., Spec. Issue, Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, January–March 2018.

  • Iyer, M. R., The Saga of Atomic Energy in India. Why is Nuclear Power Still Subcritical, Authorspress, New Delhi, 2020, ISBN 978-93-86722.

  • Soman, S. D., Safety perspective – then and now. Bull. Radiat. Prot., July–December 1996, 19(3&4).

  • Subbaratnam, T. and Soman, S. D., Derivation of working limits for controlled discharge of radioactive wastes from nuclear installation. In IAEA Seminar, Vienna, Austria, IAEA-SM-184/5, 1974.

  • ICRP, Statement from the 1985 Paris Meeting of ICRP, ICRP/85/G.03, International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1985.

  • Sundararajan, A. R., Parthasarathy, K. S. and Sinha, S. (eds), Atomic Energy Regulatory Board 25 Years of Safety Regulation, Atomic Energy Regulator Board, India, November 2008.

  • Gopal Ayengar, A. R. et al., Evaluation of long-term effects of high background radiation on selected population groups on the Kerala coast. In Proceedings of IV International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, United Nations, New York, USA, 1972, pp. 31–51.

  • Nambi, K. S. V., Bapat, V. N., David, M., Sundaram, V. K., Sunta, C. M. and Soman, S. D., Natural background radiation and population dose distribution in India. Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 1986.

  • Vohra, K. G. et al., A personnel dosimeter TLD badge based on CaSO4 : Dy Teflon TLD discs. Health Phys., 1980, 38, 193–197.

  • Pradhan, A. S. et al., Parameters of large scale production of personnel monitoring TLD cards based on CaSO4 : Dy. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 1999, 85, 67–70.

  • Kannan, S., Ratna, P. and Kulkarni, M. S., A fully automated TLD badge reader. Radiat. Prot. Environ., 2003, 26, 254–255.

  • Kher, R. K., Procedures for maintenance of dose records in the national occupational dose registry. In Proceedings Theme Meeting on Radiation Protection Activities, BARC, Mumbai, 18–20 August 2004.

  • Kulkarni, M. S. et al., BARC Newsletter – Founders Day Special Issue, 2015, pp. 265–276.

  • Soman, S. D., Bioassay procedures in Trombay establishment. AEET/HP/BA/1, 1959.

  • Soman, S. D. and Kamath, P. R., Bioassay procedures in Trombay establishment. AEET/HP/1, 1961.

  • Kamath, P. R. et al., Recent radiochemical procedures for bioassay studies at Trombay. Assessment of radioactivity in man. In Proceedings of a Symposium, IAEA, Heidelberg, 1–16 May 1964, vol. 1, SM/52-67, pp. 195–215.

  • Venkataraman, K., Raghunath, V., Santhanam and Somasundaram, S., Physiological norms in Indian adults. Statistical analyses of data on organ weight. Health Phys., 1966, 12(4), 572–574.

  • IAEA, Compilation of anatomical, physiological and metabolic characteristics for a Reference Asian Man, Volume 1: data summary and conclusions. Results of a co-ordinated research programme, 1988–1993. IAEA-TECDOC-1005, 1998, p. 124.

  • IAEA, Compilation of anatomical, physiological and metabolic characteristics for a Reference Asian Man: volume 2: Country reports. IAEA-TECDOC-1005, 1998, p. 184.

  • IAEA, Reference Asian Man: Ingestion and organ content of trace elements of importance in radiological protection. IAEA-TECD-OC-1592, 2008.

  • Chhabra, A. S., An improved whole-body counting geometry with a single NaI(Tl) detector (8×4). Radiology, 1964, 82(5), doi:org/10.1148/82.5.816.

  • Sharma, R. C., Krishnamachari, G., Haridasan, T. K. and Somasundaram, S., A large-area phoswich detector for measurement of low levels of low-energy photon emitters. Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 1975, 130(1), 305–311.

  • Krishnamachari, G. et al., Design of a compact aerial gamma spectrometry system (AGSS). Bull. Radiat. Prot. Environ., 1998, 21, 21–27.

  • Raja, V. et al., Continuous tritium in air monitor with multi-line area sampling. In Proceedings of the DAE–BRNS National Symposium on Nuclear Instrumentation, Electronics and Instrumentation Group, BARC, Mumbai, 2013.

  • Garg, S. et al., The central monitoring station of Indian Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network (IERMON): the architecture and functions. In BARC Newsletter, Founder’s Day Special Issue, October 2011, pp. 419–422.

  • Raghavayya, M., A study of the distribution of radioactivity in uranium mines. M.Sc. thesis, University of Bombay, Mumbai, 1976.

  • Khan, A. H. and Raghavayya, M., Radon emanation studies in Jaduguda uranium mine. In Proceedings of Third International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association, Washington, USA, 9 September 1973, pp. 939–944.

  • Srivastava, G. K., Raghavayya, M., Khan, A. H. and Kotrappa, P., A low-level radon detection system. Health Phys., 1984, 46, 225–228.

  • Srivastava, G. K., Raghavayya, M., Kotrappa, P. and Somasundaram, S., Radium-226 body burden in U miners by measurement of Rn in exhaled breath. Health Phys., 1986, 50, 217–221.

  • AEET, Plutonium plant hazard evaluation report. AEET/HER-3, 1965.

  • Krishnamony, S. and Kotrappa, P., Manual for Radiation Protection in Plutonium Plant, AEET/HP/S.M/14, 1965.

  • HPD, Monitoring and control of low level liquid effluent discharges from the Trombay plutonium plant, 1965–1972, RHCS/HPD, 1972.

  • Sreedevi, B. and Rao, B. S., Assay of stable chromosomal aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization application in biodosimetry. Radiat. Prot. Environ., 2001, 24, 42–47.

  • Misra, S. C., Standards of ionising radiation in India. In Proceedings of the Conference-cum-Workshop on Radiation Standards and Measurements, BARC, Mumbai, 4–6 January 1993.

  • Sarkar, P. K., Radiological safety in positive ion accelerator. Radiat. Prot. Environ., 2000, 23, 255–260.

  • Susheel Kumar, Harikumar, S., Varghese, C. S. and Shukla, D. K., Regulatory aspects of nuclear power program in India. Prog. Nucl. Energy, 2017, 101, 146–159.

  • DAE Annual Report 1959–60, Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (GoI).

  • DAE Annual Report 1960–61, Department of Atomic Energy, GoI.

  • DAE Annual Reports 1959–64, Department of Atomic Energy, GoI.

  • DAE Annual Report 1963–64, Department of Atomic Energy, GoI.

  • Pathak, B. C., Kaushik, C. P., Vyas, K. N. and Grover, R. B., The status of nuclear power development in India. Curr. Sci., 2022, 123(3), 281–293.


Abstract Views: 383

PDF Views: 136




  • Evolution of health physics, radiation protection and regulatory framework in India

Abstract Views: 383  |  PDF Views: 136

Authors

M. S. Kulkarni
Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
G. Nageswar Rao
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai 400 094, India

Abstract


In the early days of India’s nuclear energy programme, Homi Bhabha realized the importance of health physics and radiation safety aspects of nuclear facilities. The health physics and radiation protection activities have grown over the years with the multi-dimensional expansion of nuclear fuel cycle facilities and application of radiation in research, medicine and industry. This initiative further helped in laying a strong foundation for a national regulatory framework. AERB has establi­shed a multitier system of safety review and assessment to ensure that the use of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy does not pose an undue risk to the public and the environment.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv123%2Fi3%2F343-352