Open Access
Subscription Access
‘Pusa Samachar’: an innovative multimedia-based extension advisory model
Access, efficiency and affordability of agricultural information are a prerequisite for achieving set targets of agricultural productivity. Information and communication technology (ICT) equipped with social media reach can play a leading role in disseminating correct information to needful farmers at the right time. The ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute in-house initiative ‘Pusa Samachar’ is an innovative multimedia-based extension advisory model that targets to reach farmers across India with timely, location-specific and customized farm information. The present study was conducted to get an overall idea about the viewership pattern and to validate this model under content, design, ease of understanding and fulfilment of information needs. Analysis of secondary data from YouTube analytics and primary data collected from different stakeholders has shown that with changes in the format, style and presentation of the content, the trend of viewing changed and therefore four episodes performed better than the others with respect to the number of views, watch hours and subscribers added per episode. The findings also indicate that the number of views depend on the episode duration (c 2 = 83.049, P = 0.001264); however, the average view duration per episode is independent of episode duration (c 2 = 3.1821, P = 1). Overall, the present study has shown how initiatives like Pusa Samachar have immense potential to reach farmers across the nation through social media. Such initiatives can be taken up by other public institutions as reliability and validity of their content is high. However, the results have shown that diversification with respect to content and audio-visuals is further needed to attract and retain more audience
User
Font Size
Information
- Meyer, H. W. J. and Boon, J. A., Provision of agricultural information for development: a case study on crossing communication boundaries. Libri, 2003, 53, 174–178.
- Morrow, K., Nielsen, F. and Wettasinha, C., Changing information flows. LEISA, 2002, 18(2), 4–5.
- Tripp, R., Labour, information and agricultural technology. In Self-Sufficient Agriculture: Labour and Knowledge in Small-Scale Farming, Routledge, 2006, pp. 53–55.
- Jenny, C. A., Dial A for agriculture: a review of information and communication technologies for agricultural extension in developing countries. CGD Working Paper 269, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
- Nilusha, K., Sriganesh, L. and Ranjula, S. P., Improving farmer services by understanding their information needs, 2011; http://www.cprsouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Policybrief_final-V3.pdf (accessed on April 2022).
- Mittal, S., Modern ICT for agricultural development and risk management in smallholder agriculture in India. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, 2012.
- Cole, S. A. and Fernando, A. N., The value of advice: evidence from mobile phone based agricultural extension, Working Paper No. 13–047, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA, 2012.
- Ogutu, S. O., Okello, J. J. and Otieno, D. J., Impact of information and communication technology-based market information services on smallholder farm input use and productivity: the case of Kenya. World Dev., 2014, 64, 311–321.
- Assael, H., Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action, South-Western College Publication, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 1998.
- Kaine, G., Consumer behaviour as a theory of innovation adoption in agriculture. Social Research Working Paper, AgResearch Ltd, 2004.
- Hill, M., Using farmer’s information seeking behaviour to inform the design of extension. Extens. Farm. Syst. J., 2009, 5(2), 121–126.
- Meitei, L. S. and Devi, T., Farmers information needs in rural Manipur: an assessment. Ann. Lib. Infor. Stud., 2009, 56, 35–40.
- Mwombe, S. O., Mugivane, F. I., Adolwa, I. S. and Nderitu, J. H., Evaluation of information and communication technology utilization by small holder banana farmers in Gatanga District, Kenya. J. Agric. Educ. Exten., 2014, 20(2), 247–261.
- Nikam, V., Kumar, S., Kingsly, I. M. and Roy, M., Farmers mobile use pattern, information sources and perception about mobile app for grapes. Indian J. Exten. Educ., 2020, 56(1), 77–83.
- Bystrom, K. and Jarvelin, K., Task complexity affects information seeking and use. Inf. Proc. Manage., 1995, 31(2), 191–213.
- Nyambo, B. and Ligate, E., Smallholder information sources and communication pathways for cashew production and marketing in Tanzania: an ex-post study in Tandahimba and Lindi rural districts, Southern Tanzania. J. Agric. Educ. Exten., 2013, 19(1), 73–92.
- Solano, C., León, H., Pérez, E. and Herrero, M., The role of personal information sources on the decision-making process of Costa Rican dairy farmers. Agric. Syst., 2003, 76(1), 3–18.
- Claire, J., Glendenning, S. B. and Kwadwo, A., Review of agricultural extension in India, Are farmers’ information needs being met? International Food Policy Research Institute, Discussion Paper 01048, Washington DC, USA, 2010.
- Mruthunjaya and Adhiguru, A., ICT for livelihood security: a reality check. Mainstreaming ICTs, 2005, II(2), 14–18.
- Saravanan, R., ICTs for Agricultural Extension: Global Experiments, Innovations and Experiences, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, 2010, pp. 115–168.
- Kameswari, V. L. V., ICTs for agricultural extension: a study in the Indian Himalayan Region. Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries, 2011, 48(3), 1–12.
- Nikulsinh, M. C., Farmers’ perception about ICT application: a case study of Gujarat state. Indian Res. J. Exten. Educ., 2010, 10(3), 21–26.
- Aker, J. C. and Mbiti, I. M., Mobile phones and economic development in Africa. J. Econ. Perspect., 2010, 24(3), 207–232.
- Baye, M., Morgan, J. and Scholten, P., Information, search and price dispersion. In Handbook on Economics and Information Systems (ed. Hendershott, T.), Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2006.
- Fafchamps, M. and Minten, B., Impact of SMS-based agricultural information on Indian farmers. World Bank Econ. Rev., 2012, 26, 383–414.
- Digital Green Annual Report 2010–11, Digital Green, New Delhi, 2011.
- TRAI, The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicator, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, Government of India, 2021.
- Mayfield, A., What is social media? iCrossing, 2008; www.icrossing.co.uk/.../What_is_Social_Media_iCrossing_ebook.pdf (accessed on April 2022).
- Diem, K. G., Hino, J., Martin, D. and Meisenbach, T., Is extension ready to adopt technology for delivering programs and reaching new audiences? J. Exten., 2011, 49(6), 172.
- Payn-Knoper, M., No more food fights! Growing a productive farm and food conversation, Dog Ear Publishing, Indianapolis, USA, 2013.
- Chander, M., Personal opinion on social media in agricultural extension and advisory services. Global Survey on Social Media for Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services, Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services (GFRAS) Interest Group for ICT (ICT4RAS). GFRAS, Lindau, Switzerland, 2015.
- Woods, K. and Langcuster, J. C., The use of digital technology in extension. J. Exten., 2015, 52(5), Article 5COM3.
- www.statista.com (accessed on April 2022).
- LeBoeuf, J., De Schutter, A., DeKlein, K., Hamilton, R., Dupuis, T. and Trueman, C., Exploring social media and smartphone ise in ontario agriculture, 2012; http://onvegetables.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/highlights2.pdf (accessed on April 2022).
- Fahy, B., Agencies’ rural research blasts a few stereotypes out of the water. StopPress, 2013; http://www.stoppress.co.nz/blog/2013/03/agencies-rural-researchblasts-few (accessed on April 2022).
- Kinsley, J., Five social media tools for the extension toolbox. J. Exten., 2010, 48(5), article number 5TOT7.
- Gharis, L. W., Bardon, R. E., Evans, J. L., Hubbard, W. G. and Taylor, E., Expanding the reach of extension through social media. J. Exten., 2014, 52(3), 1–11.
- Suchiradipta, B. and Saravanan, R., Social media: shaping the future of agricultural extension and advisory services, GFRAS interest group on ICT4RAS discussion paper, GFRAS, Lindau, Switzerland, 2016.
- Lopuck, L., Designing Multimedia: A Visual Guide to Multimedia and Online Graphic Design, Addison Wesley Publications, USA, 1996, p. 160.
- Rhoades, E. and Aue, K., Social agriculture: adoption of social media by agricultural editors and broadcasters. In Paper presented at the Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2010.
- DeVito, M. A., Birnholtz, J. and Hancock, J. T., Platforms, people, and perception. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Portland, United States, 2017, pp. 740–754.
- Treem, J. W. and Leonardi, P. M., Social media use in organizations: exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Ann. Int. Commun. Assoc., 2013, 36, 143–189.
- Zipper, S. C., Agricultural research using social media data. Agron. J., 2018, 110, 349–358.
- Kaushik, P., Chowdhury, A., Hambly Odame, H. and van Paassen, A., Social media for enhancing stakeholders’ innovation networks in Ontario. Can. J. Agric. Food Inf., 2018, 19, 331–353.
- Indian Council of Food and Agriculture, ICT in Agriculture, National Round Table Conference, New Delhi, 2017.
- World Bank, ICT in Agriculture (updated edition): connecting smallholders to knowledge, networks, and institutions, 2017.
- Upadhyaya, L., Roy Burman, R., Sangeetha, V., Lenin, V., Sharma, J. P. and Dash, S., Digital inclusion: strategies to bridge digital divide in farming community. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2019, 21(5), 1079–1089.
- De Koning, B. B., Tabbers, H. K., Rikers, R. M. and Paas, F., Towards a framework for attention cueing in instructional animations: guidelines for research and design. Educ. Psychol. Rev., 2009, 21(2), 113–140.
- Ibrahim, M., Antonenko, P. D., Greenwood, C. M. and Wheeler, D., Effects of segmenting, signalling, and weeding on learning from educational video. Learn., Media Technol., 2012, 37(3), 220–235.
- Mayer, R. E. and Johnson, C. I., Revising the redundancy principle in multimedia learning. J. Educ. Psychol., 2008, 100(2), 380–386.
- Guo, P. J., Kim, J. and Rubin, R., How video production affects student engagement: an empirical study of MOOC videos. In Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Learning@scale Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2014, pp. 41–50.
- Yee, A., Padovano, W. M., Fox, I. K., Hill, E. J., Rowe, A. G., Brunt, L. M. and Mackinnon, S. E., Video-based learning in surgery: establishing surgeon engagement and utilization of variable-duration videos. Ann. Surg., 2020, 272(6), 1012–1019.
- Stein, J.-P., Koban, K., Joos, S. and Ohler, P., Worth the effort? Comparing different YouTube vlog production styles in terms of viewers’ identification, parasocial response, immersion, and enjoyment. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000374.
- Shao, G., Understanding the appeal of user‐generated media: a uses and gratification perspective. Internet Res., 2009, 19(1), 7–25.
- Huang, T. and Grant, W. J., A good story well told: storytelling components that impact science video popularity on YouTube. Front. Commun., 2020, 5(1), 86.
- Sidaty, N. O., Larabi, M. C. and Saadane, A., Influence of video resolution, viewing device and audio quality on perceived multi-media quality for steaming applications. Internet Res., 2014, 19(1), 7–25.
- Sseguya, H., Mazur, R., Abbott, E. and Matsiko, F., Information and communication for rural innovation and development: context, quality and priorities in Southeast Uganda. J. Agric. Educ. Exten., 2012, 18(1), 55–70.
- Sulaiman, R. and Holt, G., Extension, poverty and vulnerability in India: country study for the Neuchatel initiative. Working Paper 154, Overseas Development Institute, London, UK, 2002.
Abstract Views: 314
PDF Views: 151