Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Clay minerals and the adsorption of fullerenes: clues from iridium-enriched Cretaceous–Palaeogene Anjar intertrappean beds, Kachchh district, Gujarat, India


Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India, India
2 School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, India, India
 

Here we present powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic data on clay minerals associated with the iridium (Ir)-enriched and fullerene-bearing yellowish-brown clayey layers of the Anjar intertrappean beds, Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The objective is to understand the role of clay minerals composition in preserving the fullerene molecules and Ir contents in the Anjar intertrappean beds. XRD patterns show the presence of smectite along with palygorskite and sepiolite. FT-IR spectra also confirm the presence of these Mg-rich clay minerals and broadened peaks indicate their nanocrystalline nature. The study shows a correlation between the nature of smectites and the occurrence of fullerenes and iridium
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Alvarez, L. W., Alvarez, W., Asaro, F. and Michel, H. V., Extrater-restrial cause for the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction. Science, 1980, 208, 1095–1108.

  • Culver, S. J., Benthic foraminifera across the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) boundary: a review. Mar. Micropaleontol., 2003, 47, 177–226.

  • Kyte, F. T., A meteorite from the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Nature, 1998, 396, 237–239.

  • Shukolyukov, A. and Lugmair, G. W., Isotopic evidence for the Cretaceous–Tertiary impactor and its type. Science, 1998, 282, 927– 929.

  • Sutherland, F. L., Volcanism around K/T boundary time – its role in an impact scenario for the K/T extinction events. Earth Sci. Rev., 1994, 36, 1–26.

  • Smit, J., The global stratigraphy of the Cretaceous–Tertiary bound-ary impact ejecta. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 1999, 27, 75– 113.

  • Becker, L., Poreda, R. J. and Bunch, T. E., Fullerenes: an extrater-restrial carbon carrier phase for noble gases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 2979–2983.

  • Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., Adatte, T. and Stueben, D., Multiple impacts across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Earth Sci. Rev., 2003, 62, 327–363.

  • Bauluz, B., Peacor, D. R. and Elliott, W. C., Coexisting altered glass and Fe–Ni oxides at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary, Stevns Klint (Denmark): direct evidence of meteorite impact. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2000, 182, 127–136.

  • Keller, G., Adatte, T., Stinnesbeck, W., Stueben, D. and Berner, Z., Age, chemo- and biostratigraphy of Haiti spherule-rich deposits: a multi-event K–T scenario. Can. J. Earth Sci., 2001, 38, 197–227.

  • Heymann, D., Chibante, L. P. F., Brooks, P. R., Wolbach, W. S. and Smalley, R. E., Fullerenes in the K/T boundary layer. Science, 1994, 265, 645–647.

  • Heymann, D. et al., Fullerenes of possible wildfire origin in Creta-ceous–Tertiary boundary sediments. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 1996, 307, 455–464.

  • Heymann, D., Yancey, T. E., Wolbach, W. S., Thiemens, M. H., Jhonson, E. A., Roach, D. and Moecker, S., Geochemical markers of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary event at Brazos River, Texas, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1998, 62, 173–181.

  • Mita, H. and Shimoyama, A., Characterization of n-alkanes, pri-stane and phytane in the K/T boundary sediments at Kawaruppu, Hokkaido, Japan. Geochem. J., 1999, 33, 285–294.

  • Shimoyama, A. and Yabuta, H., Mono- and bicyclic alkanes and diamondoid hydrocarbons in the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sedi-ments at Kawaruppu, Hokkaido, Japan. Geochem. J., 2002, 36, 173– 189.

  • Buseck, P. R., Geological fullerenes: review and analysis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2002, 203, 781–792.

  • Parthasarathy, G., Bhandari, N., Vairamani, M. and Kunwar, A. C., High-pressure phase of natural fullerene C60 in iridium-rich Creta-ceous–Tertiary boundary layers of Deccan intertrappean deposits, Anjar, Kutch, India. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2008, 72, 978– 987.

  • Hull, P. M. et al., On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous– Paleogene boundary. Science, 2020, 367, 266–272.

  • Schoene, B., Eddy, M. P., Samperton, K. M., Keller, C. B., Keller, G., Adatte, T. and Khadri, S. F. R., U–Pb constraints on pulsed eruption of the Deccan traps across the end-cretaceous mass extinc-tion. Science, 2019, 363, 862–866.

  • Schoene, B. et al., U–Pb geochronology of the Deccan Traps and relation to the end-Cretaceous extinction. Science, 2015, 347, 182– 184.

  • Renne, P. R., Sprain, C. J., Richards, M. A., Self, S. and Vander-kluysen, L., State shift in Deccan volcanism at the Cretaceous– Paleogene boundary, possibly induced by impact. Science, 2015, 350, 76–78.

  • Bhandari, N. and Shukla, P. N., K/T boundary layer in Deccan in-tertrappeans at Anjar, Kutch. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 1996, 307, 417–424.

  • Bajpai, S. and Prasad, G. V. R., Cretaceous age for Ir-rich Deccan intertrappean deposits: palaeontological evidence from Anjar, western India. J. Geol. Soc. London, 2000, 107, 257–260.

  • Courtillot, V. et al., Cosmic markers, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating and paleo-magnetism of the KT sections in the Anjar area of the Deccan large igneous province. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2000, 182, 137–156.

  • Shukla, P. N., Shukla, A. D. and Bhandari, N., Geochemical chara-cterisation of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary sediments at Anjar, India. Palaeobotanist, 1997, 46, 127–132.

  • Khadkikar, A. S., Sant, D. A., Gogte, V. and Karanth, R. V., The influence of Deccan volcanism on palaeoclimate during K/T: in-sights from lacustrine intertrappean deposits, Anjar, western India. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 1999, 147, 141–148.

  • Parthasarathy, G., Bhandari, N., Vairamani, M., Kunwar, A. C. and Narasaiah, B., Natural fullerenes from the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary layer at Anjar, Kutch, India. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 2002, 356, 345–350.

  • Shrivastava, J. P., Salil, M. S. and Pattanayak, S. K., Clay mineralogy of Ir-bearing intertrappean, Kutch, Gujrat, India: Inference on paleo-environment. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2000, 55, 197–206.

  • Shrivastava, J. P. and Ahmad, M., Compositional studies on organic matter from iridium-enriched Anjar intertrappean sediments: Deccan volcanism and palaeoenvironmental implications during the Creta-ceous/Tertiary boundary. J. Iber. Geol., 2005, 31, 167–177.

  • Shrivastava, J. P. and Ahmad, M., Trace element compositions of iridium-enriched illite–smectite assemblages from a K/Pg boundary section in the Anjar area of the Deccan volcanic province: palaeo-environmental implications. Cretac. Res., 2008, 29, 592–602.

  • Bhandari, N., Shukla, P. N., Ghevaria, Z. G. and Sundaram, S. M., Impact did not trigger Deccan volcanism: evidence from Anjar K/T boundary intertrappean sediments. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1995, 22, 433–443.

  • Ghevariya, Z. G., Inter-trappean dinosaurian fossils from Anjar area, Kachchh district, Gujarat. Curr. Sci., 1988, 57, 248–251.

  • Cai, Y., Xue, J. and Polya, D. A., A Fourier transform infrared spec-troscopic study of Mg-rich, Mg-poor and acid leached palygorski-tes. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 2007, 66, 282–288.

  • Pal, S., Shrivastava, J. P. and Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Mineral chemi-stry of clays associated with the late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene succession of the Um Sohryngkew river section of Meghalaya: pala-eoenvironmental inferences and K/Pg transition. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2015, 86, 631–647.

  • Samant, B. and Mohabey, D. M., Deccan volcanic eruptions and their impact on flora: palynological evidence. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 2014, 505, 505–508.

  • Ellison, E. H., Adsorption and photophysics of fullerene C60 at liquid–zeolite particle interfaces: unusually high affinity for hydro-phobic, ultrastabilized zeolite Y. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 11406–11414.

  • Bhatia, S., Zeolite Catalysis: Principles and Applications, CRC Press, Florida, USA, 1990, pp. 7–12.

  • Yang, R., Li, D., Li, A. and Yang, H., Adsorption properties and mechanisms of palygorskite for removal of various ionic dyes from water. Appl. Clay Sci., 2018, 151, 20–28.

  • Mateos, R., Vera-López, S., Saz, M., Díez-Pascual, A. M. and Paz San Andrés, M., Graphene/sepiolite mixtures as dispersive solid phase extraction sorbents for polycylic aromatic hydrocrabons in wastewater using surfactant aqueous solutions for desorption. J. Chromatogr. A, 2019, 1596, 30–40.

  • Gertsch, B., Keller, G., Adatte, T., Garg, R., Prasad, V., Berner, Z. and Fleitmann, D., Environmental effects of Deccan volcanism across the Cretaceous–Tertiary transition in Meghalaya, India. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2011, 310, 272–285.

  • Pal, S., Srivastava, S. and Shrivastava, J. P., Environmental effects of Deccan volcanism on biotic transformations and attendant Creta-ceous/Paleogene boundary mass extinction in the Indian subconti-nent: organo-molecular evidence. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 2020, 544, 165–197; https://doi.org/10.1130/2019.2544(07)

  • Harris, J. and Van Couvering, J., Mock aridity and the paleoecology of volcanically influenced ecosystems. Geology, 1995, 23, 593–596.


Abstract Views: 160

PDF Views: 107




  • Clay minerals and the adsorption of fullerenes: clues from iridium-enriched Cretaceous–Palaeogene Anjar intertrappean beds, Kachchh district, Gujarat, India

Abstract Views: 160  |  PDF Views: 107

Authors

Pronoy Roy
CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India, India
G. Parthasarathy
School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, India, India
Bulusu Sreenivas
CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India, India

Abstract


Here we present powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic data on clay minerals associated with the iridium (Ir)-enriched and fullerene-bearing yellowish-brown clayey layers of the Anjar intertrappean beds, Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The objective is to understand the role of clay minerals composition in preserving the fullerene molecules and Ir contents in the Anjar intertrappean beds. XRD patterns show the presence of smectite along with palygorskite and sepiolite. FT-IR spectra also confirm the presence of these Mg-rich clay minerals and broadened peaks indicate their nanocrystalline nature. The study shows a correlation between the nature of smectites and the occurrence of fullerenes and iridium

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv124%2Fi1%2F87-93