Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

An Inexpensive Foldscopic Approach for Quantitative Evaluation of the Shape of Sand Particles


Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
 

Shape is a fundamental key property of any object and an important physical attribute that remains ignored, although its importance has been accepted for quite some time and is not accounted for in standard soil classification guidelines. One of the reasons for this could be the lack of inexpensive microscopic instruments or image scanners in most laboratories. This study quantifies particle shape characteristics using a cost-effective foldscope approach. Four different types of sand were used in this study and results were compared against scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. In addition, the effect of the number of particles and resolution on the analysis is discussed. It was found that the foldscope-based approach yielded consistent results with SEM in measuring the aspect ratio and roundness parameter (except circularity). The variation between the two approaches was found to be less than 5% for both aspect ratio and roundness; however, a significant difference was observed in the case of circularity (more than 50%) due to the influence of resolution

Keywords

Foldscope, Image Analysis, Particle Shape, Resolution, Sand.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Yang, J. and Gu, X. Q., Shear stiffness of granular material at small strains: does it depend on grain size? Géotechnique, 2013, 63(2), 165–179.

  • Cho, G. C., Dodds, J. and Santamarina, J. C., Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength: natural and crushed sands. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 2006, 132(5), 591–602.

  • Senetakis, K., Anastasiadis, A. and Pitilakis, K., Normalized shear modulus reduction and damping ratio curves of quartz sand and rhyolitic crushed rock. Soils Found., 2013, 53(6), 879–893.

  • Payan, M., Senetakis, K., Khoshghalb, A. and Khalili, N., Effect of gradation and particle shape on small-strain Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of sands. Int. J. Geomech., 2017, 17(5), 04016120.

  • Shimobe, S. and Moroto, N., A new classification chart for sand liquefaction. In Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, The Netherlands, 1995, pp. 315–320.

  • Cubrinovski, M. and Ishihara, K., Maximum and minimum void ratio characteristics of sands. Soils Found., 2002, 42(6), 65–78.

  • Lu, Z., Yao, A., Su, A., Ren, X., Liu, Q. and Dong, S., Re-recognizing the impact of particle shape on physical and mechanical properties of sandy soils: a numerical study. Eng. Geol., 2019, 253, 36–46.

  • Krumbein, W. C. and Sloss, L. L., Stratigraphy and Sedimentation: Soil Science, 1951, vol. 71, no. 5, p. 401.

  • Cox, M. R. and Budhu, M., A practical approach to grain shape quantification. Eng. Geol., 2008, 96(1–2), 1–16.

  • Cybulski, J. S., Clements, J. and Prakash, M., Foldscope: origami-based paper microscope. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9(6), e98781.

  • Anbazhagan, P. et al., Reconnaissance report on geotechnical effects and structural damage caused by the 3 January 2017 Tripura earth quake, India. Nat. Hazards, 2019, 98(2), 425–450.

  • Foldscope Instruments: Foldscope Instrument Instruction Manual, 2017; www.foldscope.com/pages/user-guide.

  • Ferreira, T. and Rasband, W., ImageJ User Guide, ImageJ/Fiji, 2012, 1, 155–161.

  • Đuriš, M., Arsenijević, Z., Jaćimovski, D. and Radoičić, T. K., Optimal pixel resolution for sand particles size and shape analysis. Powder Technol., 2016, 302, 177–186.

  • Russell, R. D. and Taylor, R. E., Roundness and shape of Mississippi River sands. J. Geol., 1937, 45(3), 225–267.

  • Bowman, E. T., Soga, K. and Drummond, W., Particle shape characterization using Fourier descriptor analysis. Geotechnique, 2001, 51(6), 545–554.

  • Carter, R. M. and Yan, Y., Measurement of particle shape using digital imaging techniques. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2005, 15(1), 177–182.

  • Whiteside, T. G., Boggs, G. S. and Maier, S. W., Comparing object-based and pixel-based classifications for mapping savannas. Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinfor., 2011, 13(6), 884–893.

  • Memarian, H., Balasundram, S. K. and Khosla, R., Comparison between pixel-and object-based image classification of a tropical landscape using Système Pour l’Observation de la Terre-5 imagery. J. Appl. Remote Sensing, 2013, 7(1), 073512.

  • Berhane, T. M., Lane, C. R., Wu, Q., Anenkhonov, O. A., Chepinoga, V. V., Autrey, B. C. and Liu, H., Comparing pixel- and object-based approaches in effectively classifying wetland-dominated landscapes. Remote Sensing, 2017, 10(1), 46.

  • Sukumaran, B. and Ashmawy, A. K., Quantitative characterization of the geometry of discrete particles. Geotechnique, 2001, 51(7), 619–627.

  • Vangla, P. and Latha, G. M., Influence of particle size on the friction and interfacial shear strength of sands of similar morphology. Int. J. Geosynth. Ground Eng., 2015, 1(1), 6.


Abstract Views: 293

PDF Views: 135




  • An Inexpensive Foldscopic Approach for Quantitative Evaluation of the Shape of Sand Particles

Abstract Views: 293  |  PDF Views: 135

Authors

Kunjari Mog
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
P. Anbazhagan
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India

Abstract


Shape is a fundamental key property of any object and an important physical attribute that remains ignored, although its importance has been accepted for quite some time and is not accounted for in standard soil classification guidelines. One of the reasons for this could be the lack of inexpensive microscopic instruments or image scanners in most laboratories. This study quantifies particle shape characteristics using a cost-effective foldscope approach. Four different types of sand were used in this study and results were compared against scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. In addition, the effect of the number of particles and resolution on the analysis is discussed. It was found that the foldscope-based approach yielded consistent results with SEM in measuring the aspect ratio and roundness parameter (except circularity). The variation between the two approaches was found to be less than 5% for both aspect ratio and roundness; however, a significant difference was observed in the case of circularity (more than 50%) due to the influence of resolution

Keywords


Foldscope, Image Analysis, Particle Shape, Resolution, Sand.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv124%2Fi4%2F457-466