Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Hydrological Assessment of Haveli-Based Traditional Water Harvesting System for the Bundelkhand Region, Uttar Pradesh, India


Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
2 ICRISAT Development Centre, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India
3 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, IGKV, Raipur 492 012, India
4 Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 001, India
 

Water harvesting is a critical component of any approach to alleviating India’s water crisis. Traditional rainwater harvesting systems are found in every region of the country. Haveli is one such system found in almost every village in the Bundelkhand region, Uttar Pradesh, India. A defunct Haveli in the Parasai–Sindh watershed of Jhansi district, Uttar Pradesh, was rejuvenated by providing a cement concrete core wall to the earthen embankment to address the problem of breaching, and the existing outlet was also expanded. This study was conducted from 2013 to 2019 to analyse the hydrology of the rejuvenated Haveli and to understand its impact on surface-water availability and recharging groundwater. The study period was divided based on long-term southwest monsoon (SWM) as wet (SWM > 20%), normal (SWM ± 20%) and dry (SWM < 20%) years. It was found that the Haveli could harvest about 1.91–2.0 times, 1.13–1.72 times and 0.2 times its capacity during a wet, normal and dry year, respectively. There was a 1.41 m difference in hydraulic head between pre- and post-Haveli rejuvenation in a wet year, whereas, a normal year, the difference was 2.71 m.

Keywords

Groundwater Resources, Hydrological Assessment, Southwest Monsoon, Traditional Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Water Scarcity.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Mooley, D. A. and Parthasarathy, B., Indian summer monsoon and El Nino. Pure Appl. Geophys., 1983, 121(2), 339–352.

  • Prabhakar, S. V. R. K. and Shaw, R., Climate change adaptation implications for drought risk mitigation: a perspective for India. Climate Change, 2008, 88(2), 113–130.

  • Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Drought 2002: A Report, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India (GoI), 2004, p. 190.

  • IGES, Water availability for sustainable energy policy: assessing cases in South and South Asia, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan, 2013.

  • Rosegrant, M., Ringler, C., Zhu, T., Tokgoz, S. and Bhandary, P., Water and food in the bioeconomy: challenges and opportunities for development. J. Agric. Econ., 2013, 44(1), 139–150.

  • Jain, S. K. and Kumar, V., Trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data for India. Curr. Sci., 2012, 102(1), 37–49.

  • Kundu, S., Khare, D., Mondal, A. and Mishra, P. K., Analysis of spatial and temporal variation in rainfall trend of Madhya Pradesh, India (1901–2011). Environ. Earth Sci., 2015, 73(12), 8197–8216.

  • Mondal, A., Khare, D. and Kundu, S., Spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall and temperature trend of India. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 2015, 122(1), 143–158.

  • Dash, S. K., Nair, A. A., Kulkarni, M. A. and Mohanty, U. C., Characteristic changes in the long and short spells of different rain intensities in India. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 2011, 105, 563–570.

  • Mishra, A. and Liu, S. C., Changes in precipitation pattern and risk of drought over India in the context of global warming. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 2014, 119(13), 7833–7841.

  • Gautam, R. C. and Bana, R. S., Drought in India: its impact and mitigation strategies – a review. Indian J. Agron., 2014, 59(2), 179–190.

  • Kulkarni, A., Gadgil, S. and Patwardhan, S., Monsoon variability, the 2015 Marathwada drought and rainfed agriculture. Curr. Sci., 2016, 111(7), 1182–1193.

  • Garg, N. K. and Hassan, Q., Alarming scarcity of water in India. Curr. Sci., 2007, 93(7), 932–941.

  • Gupta, S. K. and Deshpande, R. D., Water for India in 2050: first-order assessment of available options. Curr. Sci., 2004, 86(9), 1216–1224.

  • Luo, T., Young, R. and Reig, P., Aqueduct projected water stress country rankings. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, USA, 2015.

  • Kar, S. K., Singh, R. M. and Thomas, T., Spatio-temporal evaluation of drought characteristics in the Dhasan basin. MAUSAM, 2018, 69(4), 589–598.

  • Kar, S. K., Thomas, T., Singh, R. M. and Patel, L., Integrated assessment of drought vulnerability using indicators for Dhasan basin in Bundelkhand region, Madhya Pradesh, India. Curr. Sci., 2018, 115(2), 338–346.

  • Anantha, K. H., Garg, K. K., Barron, J., Dixit, S., Venkataradha, A., Singh, R. and Whitbread, A. M., Impact of best management practices on sustainable crop production and climate resilience in smallholder farming systems of South Asia. Agric. Syst., 2021, 194, 103276.

  • Pandey, D. N., Gupta, A. K. and Anderson, D. M., Rainwater harvesting as an adaptation to climate change. Curr. Sci., 2003, 85(1), 46–59.

  • Mane, S. P. and Shinde, A. S., A study of changing pattern of rain water harvesting management an ancient to modern age. In India – geographical analysis. Rev. Res., 2014, 3(10), 1–6.

  • Glendenning, C. J., Van Ogtrop, F. F., Mishra, A. K. and Vervoort, R. W., Balancing watershed and local scale impacts of rain water harvesting in India – a review. Agric. Water Manage., 2012, 107, 1–13.

  • Agarwal, A. and Narain, S., Dying wisdom: the decline and revival of traditional water harvesting systems in India. Ecologist, 1997, 27(3), 112–117.

  • Bhattacharya, S., Dasgupta, A., Mahansaria, R., Ghosh, S., Chattopadhyay, D. and Mukhopadhyay, A., In Traditional Rainwater Harvesting in India: Historical Perspectives, Present Scenario and Future Prospects, World Archaeological Congress, Dakar, Senegal, 2011.

  • Balooni, K., Kalro, A. H. and Kamalamma, A. G., Community initiatives in building and managing temporary check-dams across seasonal streams for water harvesting in South India. Agric. Water Manage., 2008, 95(12), 1314–1322.

  • Borthakur, S., Traditional rain water harvesting techniques and its applicability. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 2008, 8(4), 525–530.

  • MoWR, National Water Policy-2002; Ministry of Water Resources, GoI, 2002; http://wrmin.nic.in/policy/nwp2002.pdf

  • Nair, G. K., Kerala: focus on lift irrigation, big projects out. In Business Line, 22 March 2002.

  • Paranjpye, V. (ed.), High Dams on the Narmada: A Holistic Analysis of the River Valley Projects, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, Delhi, 1990.

  • Sharma, T. C., Technological Change in Indian Agriculture, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, 1999.

  • Meter, K. J. V., Basu, N. B., Tate, E. and Wyckoff, J., Monsoon harvests: the living legacies of rainwater harvesting systems in South India. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 48, 4217–4225.

  • Sahu, R. K., Rawat, A. K. and Rao, D. L. N., Traditional rainwater management system (‘Haveli’) in Vertisols of central India improves carbon sequestration and biological soil fertility. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2015, 200(1), 94–101.

  • Shah, T., Who should manage Chandeli tanks? International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka, 2003, p. 7.

  • Garg, K. K., Singh, R., Anantha, K. H., Singh, A. K., Akuraju, V. R., Barron, J. and Dixit, S., Building climate resilience in degraded agricultural landscapes through water management: a case study of Bundelkhand region, Central India. J. Hydrol., 2020, 591, 125592.

  • Niti Ayog, Bundelkhand Human Development Report 2012. Prepared under NITI Aayog–UNDP Project on Human Development: towards bridging inequalities, GoI, 2012, p. 258.

  • Shah, T., Climate change and groundwater: India’s opportunities for mitigation and adaptation. Environ. Res. Lett., 2009, 4(3), 035005.

  • TERI, Study of impact of special package for drought mitigation implemented in Bundelkhand region New Delhi, The Energy and Resources Institute, Project Report No. 2017HE02 (support from NITI Aayog, GoI), 2018.

  • Kumari, R., Singh, R., Singh, R. M., Tewari, R. K., Dhyani, S. K., Dev, I. and Singh, A. K., Impact of rainwater harvesting structures on water table behavior and groundwater recharge in Parasai–Sindh watershed of Central India. Indian J. Agrofor., 2014, 16(2), 47–52.

  • Rao, A. V. R. K., Wani, S. P., Singh, K. K., Ahmed, M. I., Srinivas, K., Bairagi, S. D. and Ramadevi, O., Increased arid and semi-arid areas in India with associated shifts during 1971–2004. J. Agrometeorol., 2013, 15(1), 11–18.

  • Singh, R., Garg, K. K., Wani, S. P., Tewari, R. K. and Dhyani, S. K., Impact of water management interventions on hydrology and ecosystem services in Garhkundar–Dabar watershed of Bundelkhand region, Central India. J. Hydrol., 2014, 509, 132–149.

  • Singh, R., Garg, K. K., Anantha, K. H., Akuraju, V., Dev, I., Dixit, S. and Dhyani, S. K., Building resilient agricultural system through groundwater management interventions in degraded landscapes of Bundelkhand region, Central India. J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 2021, 37, 100929.

  • Anantha, K. H., Garg, K. K., Barron, J., Dixit, S., Venkataradha, A., Singh, R. and Whitbread, A. M., Impact of best management practices on sustainable crop production and climate resilience in smallholder farming systems of South Asia. Agric. Syst., 2021, 194, 103276.

  • Glendenning, C. J., Van Ogtrop, F. F., Mishra, A. K. and Vervoort, R. W., Balancing watershed and local scale impacts of rain water harvesting in India – a review. Agric. Water Manage., 2012, 107, 1–13.

  • Sakthivadivel, R., The groundwater recharge movement in India. In The Agricultural Groundwater Revolution: Opportunities and Threats to Development (eds Giordano, M. and Villholth, K. G.), CAB Int, UK, 2007, pp. 195–210.

  • Rockström, J. and Karlberg, L., Zooming in on the global hotspots of rainfed agriculture in water constrained environment. Rainfed Agriculture: Unlocking the Potential, CABI, Wallingford, UK, 2009, pp. 36–42.


Abstract Views: 214

PDF Views: 106




  • Hydrological Assessment of Haveli-Based Traditional Water Harvesting System for the Bundelkhand Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract Views: 214  |  PDF Views: 106

Authors

Liansangpuii
Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
Ramesh Singh
ICRISAT Development Centre, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India
R. M. Singh
Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
K. N. Singh
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, IGKV, Raipur 492 012, India
S. K. Kar
Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 001, India

Abstract


Water harvesting is a critical component of any approach to alleviating India’s water crisis. Traditional rainwater harvesting systems are found in every region of the country. Haveli is one such system found in almost every village in the Bundelkhand region, Uttar Pradesh, India. A defunct Haveli in the Parasai–Sindh watershed of Jhansi district, Uttar Pradesh, was rejuvenated by providing a cement concrete core wall to the earthen embankment to address the problem of breaching, and the existing outlet was also expanded. This study was conducted from 2013 to 2019 to analyse the hydrology of the rejuvenated Haveli and to understand its impact on surface-water availability and recharging groundwater. The study period was divided based on long-term southwest monsoon (SWM) as wet (SWM > 20%), normal (SWM ± 20%) and dry (SWM < 20%) years. It was found that the Haveli could harvest about 1.91–2.0 times, 1.13–1.72 times and 0.2 times its capacity during a wet, normal and dry year, respectively. There was a 1.41 m difference in hydraulic head between pre- and post-Haveli rejuvenation in a wet year, whereas, a normal year, the difference was 2.71 m.

Keywords


Groundwater Resources, Hydrological Assessment, Southwest Monsoon, Traditional Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Water Scarcity.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv125%2Fi1%2F43-51