Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Mapping India’s Exposure to Climate Change: A District Level Study


Affiliations
1 Inequality and Human Development Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 560 012, India
   Untitled

Exposure is a key component in determining climate risk; however, inconsistencies around its conceptualization have been relatively less explored. This article first makes a case for studying exposure as a crucial factor in understanding the consequences of climate change and highlights the fact that exposure is a necessary factor in understanding both vulnerability and adaptation. It then goes on to trace the regional differences in exposure to climate change in India, and identifies the most climate change-affected districts in the country.

Keywords

Climate Change, Exposure, Extreme Events, Long-Term Climate Variations, Vulnerability.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Sharma, J. and Ravindranath, N. H., Applying IPCC 2014 framework for hazard-specific vulnerability assessment under climate change. Environ. Res. Commun., 2019, 1(5), 051004; https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ab24ed.
  • United Nations, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations, Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 1992; https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_html-pdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf
  • Tariq, B. et al., Climate Change 2001: Mitigation: Contribution of Working Group III to Third Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva; IPCC, 2001; https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WGIII_TAR_full_report.pdf
  • IPCC, IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Metz, B. et al.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2005, p. 442.
  • IPCC, Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to Third Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds James, J. et al.), IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2001, p. 1042; https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WGII_TAR_full_report-2.pdf
  • IPCC, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007, p. 104; https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4_syr_full_report.pdf
  • IPCC, Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2014; https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartA_ FINAL.pdf
  • Cardona, O. D. et al., Determinants of risk: exposure and vulnerability. Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation (eds Field, C. B. et al.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012, pp. 65–108; https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177245.005.
  • Samson, J., Berteaux, D., McGill, B. J. and Humphries, M. M., Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts of climate change on human populations. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 2011, 20(4), 532–44; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00632.x.
  • Birkmann, J. et al., A selection of the hazards, key vulnerabilities, key risks and emergent risks identified in the Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2014, pp. 113–121.
  • Reisinger, A. et al., The concept of risk in the IPCC sixth assessment report: a summary of cross-working group discussions: Guidance for IPCC Authors. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland, 2020, p. 15.
  • Klein, R., Climate Change Adaptation: The Nordic Countries in a Global Perspective, Climate Change Post, 2016; https://www.climatechangepost.com/news/2016/9/14/climate-change-adaptation-nordic-countries-global-/ (accessed on 3 March 2022).
  • IPCC, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, In Press, 2021.
  • Burton, I., Vulnerability and adaptive response in the context of climate and climate change. Clim. Change, 1997, 36(1), 185–196; https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005334926618.
  • Monterroso, A. and Cecilia, C., Exposure to climate and climate change in Mexico. Geomat., Nat. Hazards Risk, 2015, 6(4), 272–288; https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2013.847867.
  • US EPA, OAR, Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate, 27 June 2016; https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate (first accessed on 28 February 2022).
  • Krishnan, R., Sanjay, J., Gnanaseelan, C., Mujumdar, M., Kulkarni, A. and Chakraborty, S., Assessment of climate change over the Indian Region. A Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4327-2.
  • Mahmood, R., Jia, S. and Zhu, W., Analysis of climate variability, trends, and prediction in the most active parts of the Lake Chad Basin, Africa. Sci. Rep., 2019, 9(1), 6317; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42811-9.
  • Indian Meteorological Department, IMD. Climate Application and User Interface Group; https://imdpune.gov.in/hydrology/rainfall%-20variability%20page/rainfall%20trend.html (accessed on 10 August 2021).
  • India Meteorological Department, IMD. Climate Prediction and Monitoring Group; https://imdpune.gov.in/cmg/raintemptrend.html (accessed on 10 August 2021).
  • GFDRR, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. Think Hazard – India. Think Hazard; https://thinkhazard.org/en/report/115-india (accessed on 13 August 2021).
  • Pai, D. S., Nair, S. and Ramanathan, A. N., Long term climatology and trends of heat waves over India during the recent 50 years (1961–2010). Mausam, 2021, 64(4), 585–604; https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i4.742.
  • Guhathakurta, P., Menon, P., Inkane, P. M., Krishnan, U. and Sable, S. T., Trends and variability of meteorological drought over the districts of India using standardized precipitation index. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2017, 126(8), 120; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-017-0896-x.
  • India Meteorological Department, IMD, Extremes of Temperature and Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up To 2012), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 2016; https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES-%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%-202012.pdf
  • Indian Meteorological Department. IMD, Annual Report Update; https://metnet.imd.gov.in/phps/publications_imdarep.php (accessed on 20 September 2021).
  • Government of Manipur, Directorate of Environment, Manipur State Action Plan on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, 2013, p. 164; https://moef.gov.in/wpcontent/uploads/2017/08/Manipur1.pdf
  • Bhatt, D., Sonkar, G. and Mall, R. K., Impact of climate variability on the rice yield in Uttar Pradesh: an agro-climatic zone based study. Environ. Proces., 2019, 6(1), 135–153; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-019-00360-3.
  • Sharma, R. K. and Shrestha, D. G., Climate perceptions of local communities validated through scientific signals in Sikkim Himalaya, India. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2016, 188(10), 578; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5582-y.
  • Mishra, V., Shah, R. and Garg, A., Climate change in Madhya Pradesh: indicators, impacts and adaptation. IIM Ahmedabad Working Paper, May 2016, WP2016-05.
  • Tomar, C. S., Saha, D., Das, S., Shaw, S., Bist, S. and Gupta, M. K., Analysis of temperature variability and trends over Tripura. Mausam, 2021, 68(1), 149–160; https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i1.444.
  • Gosain, A. K. and Rao, S., Climate change impacts and vulnerability assessment in Himachal Pradesh. Deutsche GesellschaftFürInternationaleZusammenarbeit (GIZ) Gmbh, 2018, p. 232; http://dest.hp.gov.in/sites/default/files/PDF/GIZ01Climate%20Change%20Impacts-%20and%20Vulnerability%20Assessment.pdf

Abstract Views: 393

PDF Views: 107 PDF Views: 172




  • Mapping India’s Exposure to Climate Change: A District Level Study

Abstract Views: 393  |  PDF Views: 107 PDF Views: 172

Authors

Ka. Sa. Kalaiarasi
Inequality and Human Development Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 560 012, India
Kritika Singh
Inequality and Human Development Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 560 012, India
Nisar Kannangara
Inequality and Human Development Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 560 012, India

Abstract


Exposure is a key component in determining climate risk; however, inconsistencies around its conceptualization have been relatively less explored. This article first makes a case for studying exposure as a crucial factor in understanding the consequences of climate change and highlights the fact that exposure is a necessary factor in understanding both vulnerability and adaptation. It then goes on to trace the regional differences in exposure to climate change in India, and identifies the most climate change-affected districts in the country.

Keywords


Climate Change, Exposure, Extreme Events, Long-Term Climate Variations, Vulnerability.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv125%2Fi2%2F124-129