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Optimizing the Impact of Spray Characteristics of Hybrid Drone on Spray Deposition in Cotton Crops
The effectiveness of a hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for optimizing crop booster application on cotton crops (variety Co-14) at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is evaluated in this research. The hybrid UAV, featuring a 12-litre sprayer tank and powered by an internal combustion engine and brushless direct current motor, was tested at heights of 1 and 2 m and speeds of 3 and 4 m s–1. The objective was to determine optimal parameters for maximizing droplet deposition and minimizing spray drift. The results indicated that at 1 m and 3 m s–1, the droplet density in the target area was 148 ± 8 drops/cm2, compared to 136 ± 4 drops/cm2 at 2 m. The volume median diameter at 1 m and 3 m s–1 was 361 mm, and the number median diameter was 392 mm, showing higher deposition and uniform droplet sizes at lower heights and lower speeds. Spray drift analysis indicated reduced off-target movement at 1 m and 3 m s–1, showing a non-target droplet density of 54 ± 4 drops/cm2 compared to 42 ± 6 drops/cm2 at 2 m. The study concludes that the optimal UAV operation parameters are 1 m height and 3 m s–1 speed, enhancing droplet deposition, minimizing drift, and improving spray efficiency.
Keywords
Droplet deposition density, operational parameters, spray drift analysis, UAV spraying technology, UAV system.
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