Engineering considerations for designing processing machinery for Asparagus racemosus roots

The present study explores the engineering considerations for designing processing machinery for Asparagus racemosus roots, important medicinal plant known for its therapeutic potential thus aligning with achieving the sustainable development goal (SDG) 3 of the United Nations (good health and well-being). Physical, frictional and textural characteristics essential for the design and operation of processing machinery were deter­mined for technological advancements in processing and value addition. The length, width and thickness of whole roots were determined to be 351 ± 56, 5.14 ± 3.95 and 4.93 ± 3.76 respectively, and 253.94 ± 117.30, 6.893 ± 3.705 and 6.39 ± 3.62 mm for trimmed roots. The aspect ratio and sphericity were found to be 35.51 ± 1.12 and 0.093 ± 0.003 respectively, describing an oblong shape. The determined weight variability (8.613–17.432 g), surface area (1529.08–2140.28 mm²) and projected area (890–3340 mm²) of the roots influence the ease of peeling and drying process. Bulk density and true density were estimated to be 298.64 and 604.48 kg/m³ respectively, with porosity of 50.50%. The angle of repose and internal friction coefficient were 33.25 ± 0.303° and 1.03 respectively, whereas external friction against mild steel (0.92) and stainless steel (0.61) helped enhance the understanding of handling characteristics of the roots. The texture of this tuber was found to be softer compared to other tubers, with firmness ranging from 22.43 to 39.34 N and cutting force from 36.18 to 54.79 N. These findings aid in designing efficient processing machinery in alignment with achieving the various SDGs to promote sustainable development and well-being.