To become a Knowledge Economy

To become a knowledge economy, we must seek excellence in basic research (including directed basic research) and applied research. We need enhanced academia-industry interactions and also excellence in R&D-led innovation. All this must be backed by high-quality manufacturing skills. We need an excellent research and innovation ecosystem, whose components are talented young people, high-quality faculty in the education system, adequate funds, strong infrastructure including an e-science infrastructure, appetite for risk-taking, ability to leverage international cooperation to strengthen indigenous initiatives and scientific leaders. We must also remember that 'national development and national security are two sides of the same coin'. The metrics for evaluating the progress of science and technology in the country must also include the achievements of the mission- oriented agencies and the successes in rural technology delivery. India must be prepared to be the first introducer of new advanced technologies. The so-called proven technologies, unless subjected to continuous evolutionary improvements, are often a synonym for obsolete technologies.