Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Nitrogen Response of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes during Rainy Season


Affiliations
1 ICRISAT Development Centre, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India
 

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a smart biofuel crop, which can be grown under tropical rainfed conditions without sacrificing food and fodder security. Three sweet sorghum cultivars (viz. ICSA 52 × SPV 1411, CSH 22 SS and ICSV 93046) were grown under six nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1) on Vertisols during two rainy (kharif) seasons at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. The results from two-year trial indicated that out of three sweet sorghum cultivars evaluated, sweet sorghum hybrid CSH 22 SS produced highest green stalk (46.90 t ha-1) and ethanol yield (1940 l ha-1) compared to other cultivars. The three cultivars responded well to applied N doses up to 150 kg ha-1, however, application of N beyond 90 kg ha-1 did not result in any significant increase in grain yield and economic returns. Net economic returns of Rs 32,898 ha-1 (US$ 601.21 ha-1) were significantly higher with 90 kg N ha-1 application as compared to other levels of fertilization. It is concluded that for obtaining the highest green stalk yield, ethanol yield and thereby maximum economic returns, sweet sorghum cultivar, viz. CSH 22 SS should be fertilized with 90 kg N ha-1.

Keywords

Economic Returns, Nitrogen, Potential Ethanol Yield, Sweet Sorghum.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • www.commodityindia.com

  • Ratnavathi, C. V., Dayakar Rao, B. and Seetharama, N., Sweet sorghum: a new raw material for fuel alcohol. In Study report on technological aspects in manufacturing ethyl alcohol from cereal grains in Maharashtra. Part II. DSIR, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi and Mitcon Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, 2004, pp. 32–41.

  • Rego, T. J., Nageswara Rao, V., Seeling, B., Pardhasaradhi, G. and Kumar Rao, D. K., Nutrient balances a guide to improving sorghum and ground based dry land cropping systems in semi-arid tropical India. Field Crops Res., 2003, 81, 53–68.

  • Girma, S., Osmotic adjustment: a drought tolerance mechanism in sorghum. Sci. Eng., 1989, 50, 4570–4573.

  • Mastrorilli, M., Katerji, N. and Rana, G., Productivity and water use efficiency of sweet sorghum as affected by soil water deficit occurring at different vegetative growth stages. Eur. J. Agron., 1999, 11, 207–215.

  • Roman, G. H. V., Gosse, G., Hall, D. O., Roman, A. M. and Ion, V., Researches on sweet sorghum productivity in the South Romanian Plain. Proceedings of First AFITA Conference, Japonica, 24–26 January 1998.

  • Morris, J. B., Production of sweet sorghum for syrup in Kentucky. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. 122, 2006, p. 6.

  • Lakkana, L., Sunan, N., Penjit, S., Preekamol, K. and Pattana, L., Ethanol production from sweet sorghum juice using very high gravity technology: effects of carbon and nitrogen supplementations. Bioresource Technol., 2009, 100, 4176–4182.

  • Chavan, U. D., Patil, J. V. and Shinde, M. S., An assessment of sweet sorghum cultivars for ethanol production. Sugar Technol., 2009, 11, 319–323.

  • Ratnavathi, C. V., Suresh, K., Kumar, B. S. V., Pallavi, M., Komala, V. V. and Seetharama, N., Study on genotypic variation for ethanol production from sweet sorghum juice. Biomass Bioenergy, 2010, 34, 947–952.

  • Davila-Gomez, F. J., Chuck-Hernandez, C., Perez-Carrillo, E., Rooney, W. L. and Serna-Saldivar, S. O., Evaluation of bioethanol production from five different varieties of sweet and forage sorghums (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench). Ind. Crop. Prod., 2011, 33, 611–616.

  • Miri, K. and Rana, D. S., Evaluation of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes for biomass, sugar and ethanol production under different levels of nitrogen. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 2012, 82, 195–200.

  • Reddy, B. V. S., Ramesh, S., Sanjana Reddy, P., Ramaiah, B., Salimath, P. M. and Rajashekar, K., Sweet sorghum – a potential alternative raw material for bioethanol and bioenergy. Int. Sorghum Millets Newslett., 2005, 46, 79–86.

  • Balasubramanian, V., Raghauram, N., Abrol, Y. P., Sachdev, M. S., Pathak, H. and Singh, B., Reactive nitrogen: good, bad and ugly. Comprehensive Status Report, SCON-ING, New Delhi, 2010, p. 52.

  • Wiedenfeld, R. P., Nutrient requirements and use efficiency by sweet sorghum. Energy Agric., 1984, 3, 49–59.

  • Turgut, I., Bilgili, U., Duman, A. and Acikgoz, E., Production of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) increases with increased plant densities and nitrogen fertilizer levels. Acta Agric. Scand., Sec. B – Soil Plant Sci., 2005, 55, 236–240.

  • Almodares, A., Hadi, M. R., Ranjbar, M. and Taheri, R., The effects of nitrogen treatments and harvest stages on stalk yield and sugar content in sweet sorghum. Asian J. Plant Sci., 2007, 6, 423–426.

  • Almodares, A., Jafarinia, M. and Hadi, M. R., The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on chemical compositions in corn and sweet sorghum. Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 2009, 6, 441–446.

  • Wortmann, C. S., Liska, A., Ferguson, R. B., Lyon, D. J., Klein, R. N. and Dweikat, I. M., Dryland performance of sweet sorghum and grain crops for biofuel in Nebraska. Agron. J., 2010, 102, 319–326.

  • Almodares, A. and Hadi, M. R., Production of bioethanol from sweet sorghum: a review. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 2009, 4(9), 772–780.

  • Anderson, I. C., Buxton, D. B., Hallam, A. and Hunter, E., Biomass Production and Ethanol Potential from Sweet Sorghum, Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State Univ., Ames, 1995, vol. 4, pp. 97–101.

  • Parikshya Lama Tamang, B. S., Nitrogen fertilizer requirements for ethanol production from sweet and fodder quality of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 2010, 7, 1793–1800.

  • Jalali, M., Nitrates leaching from agricultural land in Hamadan, Western Iran. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2005, 110, 210–218.

  • Derby, N. E., Casey, F. X. M. and Kinghton, R. E., Long-term observations of Vadose zone and groundwater nitrate concentrations under irrigated agriculture. Vadose Zone J., 2009, 8, 290–300.

  • Yang, R. and Liu, W. J., Nitrate contamination of groundwater in an agro ecosystem in Zhangye Oasis, Northwest China. Environ. Earth Sci., 2010, 61, 123–129.

  • Hugar, A. Y., Jayadeva, H. M., Rangaswamy, B. R., Shivannna, S. and Chandrappa, H., Assessing the effect of nitrogen and harvesting stages on yield and yield attributes of sweet sorghum genotypes. Agric. Sci. Dig., 2010, 30, 139–141.

  • Spencer, G. L. and Meade, G. P., Cane Sugar Handbook, John Wiley, New York, 1963, 8th edn, p. 646.

  • Channappagoudar, B. B., Biradar, N. R., Patil, J. B. and Hiremath, S. M., Assessment of sweet sorghum genotypes for cane yield, juice characters and sugar levels. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 2007, 20, 294–296.

  • Kaushik, M. K. and Shaktawat, M. S., Effect of row spacing, nitrogen and weed control on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of sorghum. Indian J. Agron., 2005, 50, 140–142.

  • Thakur, N. S., Kushwaha, B. B., Sinha, N. K. and Upadhya, S. N., Effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on growth, yield attributes and yields of sweet sorghum genotypes. Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. Dev., 2009, 24, 34–38.

  • Saheb, S. D., Singh, H. K. and Singh, C. B., Effect of plant population and nitrogen on biomass and juice yield of sweet sorghum. Indian J. Agron., 1997, 42, 634–636.

  • Kumar, S. R., Shrotria, P. K. and Deshmukh, J. P., Characterizing nutrient management effect on yield of sweet sorghum genotypes. World J. Agric. Sci., 2008, 4, 787–789.

  • Pholsen, S. and Sornsungnoen, N., Effects of nitrogen and potassium rates and planting distances on growth, yield and photoperiod sensitive sorghums in the Texas Southern high plains, M.Sc. Thesis, Texas Technology University, 2004, p. 104.

  • Gutte, A. V., Karanjikar, P. N. and Dhamak, A. L., Effect of plant densities and fertilizer levels on quality of sweet sorghum. J. Soil Crop, 2008, 18, 108–111.

  • Poornima, S., Geethalakshmi, V. and Leelamathi, M., Sowing dates and nitrogen levels on yield and juice quality of sweet sorghum. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 2008, 4, 651–654.

  • Ratnavathi, C. V., Suresh, K., Kumar, B. S. V., Pallavi, M., Komala, V. V. and Seetharama, N., Study on genotypic variation for ethanol production from sweet sorghum juice. Biomass Bioenergy, 2010, 34, 947–952.


Abstract Views: 471

PDF Views: 150




  • Nitrogen Response of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes during Rainy Season

Abstract Views: 471  |  PDF Views: 150

Authors

Gajanan L. Sawargaonkar
ICRISAT Development Centre, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India
Suhas P. Wani
ICRISAT Development Centre, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India

Abstract


Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a smart biofuel crop, which can be grown under tropical rainfed conditions without sacrificing food and fodder security. Three sweet sorghum cultivars (viz. ICSA 52 × SPV 1411, CSH 22 SS and ICSV 93046) were grown under six nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1) on Vertisols during two rainy (kharif) seasons at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. The results from two-year trial indicated that out of three sweet sorghum cultivars evaluated, sweet sorghum hybrid CSH 22 SS produced highest green stalk (46.90 t ha-1) and ethanol yield (1940 l ha-1) compared to other cultivars. The three cultivars responded well to applied N doses up to 150 kg ha-1, however, application of N beyond 90 kg ha-1 did not result in any significant increase in grain yield and economic returns. Net economic returns of Rs 32,898 ha-1 (US$ 601.21 ha-1) were significantly higher with 90 kg N ha-1 application as compared to other levels of fertilization. It is concluded that for obtaining the highest green stalk yield, ethanol yield and thereby maximum economic returns, sweet sorghum cultivar, viz. CSH 22 SS should be fertilized with 90 kg N ha-1.

Keywords


Economic Returns, Nitrogen, Potential Ethanol Yield, Sweet Sorghum.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv110%2Fi9%2F1699-1703