Demand Response and Facts Devices Used in Restructured Power Systems to Relive Congestion

In the approach is proposed for transmission lines congestion management in a restructured market environment using a combination of demand response (DR) and flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices. The overall objective of FACTS device placement can be either to minimize the total congestion rent. Market clearing procedure is formulated is based on two steps. In the first step, generation companies bid to the market for maximizing their profit, and the social welfare maximization. Second step of the market-clearing procedure can determine to the network constraints. The main motivation of the work is to carry out the contingency selection by calculating the Generation shift factor (GSF) for generator outage and to implement the demand response and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in managing the transmission congestion. The paper develops, using PSO optimization technique, a re-dispatch formulation in which demand responses and FACTS device controllers are optimally coordinated with conventional generators.