Programmable Device Circuits and Systems

Manoj Kumar Pandey ¹, Madhurima Pandey ², P. K. Pandey ³

Affiliations
1 Environmental Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, C.G., IN
2 Applied Chemistry, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, C.G., IN
3 Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, C.G., IN

Abstract

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a very common environmental pollution problem which occurs worldwide in mining region. AMD forms when sulphide minerals in rocks are exposed to oxidizing condition in coal and metal mining, highway construction and other large scale excavations. Water which drains naturally from coal and metal mine workings is often acidic with elevated heavy metal content, characterized with low pH and high alkalinity with elevated concentration of metals like Iron, Manganese and Aluminum. During mining, the exposed wall rocks come in contact with the oxygenated water, interaction between these causes generation of AMD. Bacterial activity also plays an important role in acid formation. Coal has a crucial role in meeting current needs and is a resource bridge to meet future goals through the enhancement of knowledge and technology. The challenge is to apply the right technology in the most efficient and environmentally friendly way. The biggest environmental challenge facing the coal industry is the issue of greenhouse gases and acid rain. Overall environmental management improvement has been taking place with the implementation of state of art environmental management schemes particularly under Environmental and Social Mitigation Project (ESMP) of CIL.

Keywords

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), Mining-Induced Displacement and Resettlement (MIDR), Environmental and Social Mitigation Project (ESMP).

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