Analysis of Congestion for Root Causes in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network consist of sparse deployment of sensor nodes which generates data and need to transmit towards base station also called as sink, where the data get processed. Most of the time WSN deals with light load but when an interesting event occur it generate huge amount of data and transmit towards sink which intern causes congestion near the sink. The congestion result in arbitrary dropping of data, packets that reduces the overall network throughput. This motivates congestion control in wireless sensornetwork. To address this issue we need transport layer protocol which give reliable and congestion free network. In this paper, we first we discuss core functionalities, responsibilities and the need of the Transport Layer Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks to address the upstream and downstreamcongestion control and reliability guarantee and review of some existing work that helps to summarize the existing transport layer problems in order to solve it. We mainly emphasizes on the various parameters, which help us to avoid the congestion in the wireless sensor networks. The parameters are: node density, non-linear or unbalanced distribution of load, input/output flow rate, processing / service time of node and reliability of network.