Dynamic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks under Black Hole Attack

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in security-critical applications. Because of their inherent resource characteristics, they are prone to various security attacks, and a black hole attack is a type of attack that seriously affects data collection. To prevent that an active detection-based security and trust routing scheme named dynamic routing is used for WSNs. The most important features of dynamic routing is that it avoids black hole attack through the active creation of a number of detection routes to quickly detect and obtain nodal trust and thus improve the data route security. There are three scenarios of nodes. Those are only normal nodes, normal and black holes, after prevention of black holes. In these scenarios, the generation and distribution of detection routes are given in the dynamic routing scheme, which can fully use the energy to create as many detection routes as needed to achieve the desired security and energy efficiency. The key generation also provides security from the black holes. The algorithm is simulated using MATLAB. Its performance is evaluated in terms of average number of hops, average distance from base station and average energy per node. The simulation results show that after prevention of black holes energy consumption is reduced. The prevention of black holes is done by secure route discovery which increases packet delivery ratio.