Wireless Communication

P. Yadav ¹, P. Singh ², K. P. Gowd ², A. Khare ³, S. K. Paranjpe ²

Affiliations
1 All Saint College of Technology Bhopal-462031, IN
2 AISECT University, Bhopal-Chiklod Road, Raisen, Bhopal, IN
3 Dept of Electronics and Communication, UIT, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, RGPV, Bhopal - 462031, IN

Abstract

In recent years, adaptive filtering has become one of the effective and popular approaches for the processing and analysis of the signals with noise especially of the biomedical signals. Adaptive filters permit to detect time varying potentials and to track the dynamic variations of the signals. Besides, they modify their behavior according to the input signal. Therefore, they can detect shape variations in the ensemble and thus they can obtain a better signal estimation. The aim of this paper is to study, analyze various adaptive filter algorithms and apply Mat lab to investigate their performance behaviors with two step sizes of 0.02 and 0.04. Further to remove motion artifacts from Electrocardiogram signal as an application of this concepts. At the end of this paper, a performance study has been done between these algorithms based on various step sizes. It has been found that there will be always tradeoff between step sizes and Mean square error. The Electrocardiogram signals used in this paper are from the MIT-BIH database. Elimination of noises from Electrocardiogram signal example is a classical problem.

Keywords

Adaptive Filter, Least Mean Square (LMS), Normalized Lms (NLMS), Block Lms (BLMS), Sign Lms (SLMS), Signed Regressor Lms (SRLMS), Motion Artifact.

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P. Yadav ¹, A. Khare ², K. Parandham Gowd ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and communication, Sarabhai Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal 462031, IN
2 Department of Electronics and communication, University Institute of Technology–RGPV, Bhopal 462031, IN
3 AISECT University, Bhopal-Chiklod Road, Raisen, Bhopal, IN

Abstract

Technologies have advanced rapidly in the field of digital signal processing due to advances made in high speed, low cost digital integrated chips. These technologies have further stimulated ever increasing use of signal representation in digital form for purposes of transmission, measurement, control and storage. Design of digital filters especially adaptive or semi adaptive is the necessity of the hour for SAR applications. The aim of this research work is to design and evaluate the performance of 380-400 KHz Bartlett, Blackman and Chebyshev digital semi adaptive filters. XILINX and MATLAB software are used for designing of these filters. As part of practical research work these designs were translated using FPGA hardware SPARTAN-3E kit. Blackman and Chebyshev filters designed using software and hardware were tested by a sinusoidal test signal of 381 KHz along with noise and the filtered output signals are presented. These designs were optimized, analyzed, compared and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 5 MHz for 64 orders.

Keywords

Digital Filter, XILINX and MATLAB Software, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), SPARTAN-3E, DSP Chips.

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P. Yadav ¹, K. P. Gowd ², A. Khare ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication, All Saints College of Technology-ASCT, Bhopal, India- 462031, IN
2 AISECT University, Bhopal-Chiklod Road, Raisen, Bhopal, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication, UIT, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya-RGPV, Bhopal – 462031, IN

Abstract

Technologies have advanced rapidly in the design of filters to enhance effectiveness of Signal to Noise Ratio for mobile communications including SAR applications. In this research work Butter worth active band pass filter for 2 to 6 GHz was designed using XILINX and MATLAB software’s. This was optimized, analyzed and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 48 GHz and Kiser window for 0.5 Beta. Further to verify the simulated results hardware circuitry is also designed based on SPARTAN-3 FPGA–development kit. Asb) part of this research work 7-9 KHz Butter worth active band pass filter was designed using active components which was put into circuit, tested by passing a sinusoidal test signal along with noise and the filtered output signals are presented. Based on these experimental results conclusions have been drawn for 2 to 6 GHz filter for SAR applications. It is observed that when signals are received with heavy noise the coefficients of filters are selected in such way that the noise content can be minimized to great extent.

Keywords

Active Filter, Xilinx and Matlab Softwares, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

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