Engineering and Technology in India

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Performance Evaluation of an Animal Drawn Manure Spreader Cum Cart


Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Farm Machinery Testing and Training Centre (Dr. P.D.K.V.), Akola (M.S.), India
2 Department of Farm Power and Machinery, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Indian soils are poor in nitrogen. Nearly 1/3 rd of Indian soils are acidic. Food shortage in 1960s necessitated green revolution, ushering in the use of high dose of chemical fertilizers and poisonous plant protection chemicals adversely affecting the health of the soil. But long term use of these fertilizers causes degradation of soil, compaction and reduces soil fertility. Organic manures when incorporated into the soil it add nutrients it. Application of FYM improves soil fertility. Therefore, there is wide scope to its application. FYM contains almost all the essential nutrient required for soil. The addition of farm yard manure to the field is carried out traditionally. So there is scope of work to distribute the farm yard manure uniformly on the soil surface. By considering these aspects, an animal drawn manure spreader cum cart with electricity generation unit was design and fabricated.The research work and testing was undertaken at the site of the AICRP on UAE CAET, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani.The developed Manure spreader consist a chassis having two iron wheels, axel assembly, bearing, flat type agitator, peg tooth agitator, body frame for mounting the trapezoidal shaped manure box, hitching system and tool box.The application rate of manure varies from 2.46 to 10.06 t/ha for varies in opining area of cover 0.04 m2 to 0.16m2. The co-efficient of variation of uniformity for manure distribution varied from 18 -20 per cent. The designed manure spreader cum cart gave desired manure application rate (9 – 10t/ha) at an opining area of cover 0.16m2at the operational speed of 2.63km/hr and draft required was 637 N. The draft and power requirement of manure spreader were 637 N and 0.46 kW, respectively within the draft ability limit of pair of bullock.The field capacity and field efficiency of machine were 0.21 ha/hrand 84 per cent at operational speed 2.51 km/hr.The manure spreader cum cart was used for carting with 500 kg load on Tar road and Kaccha road by Red Kandhari bullocks. The draft observed for Tar road with no load and 500 kg load conditions by Red Kandhari bullocks was 37 and 41 kg. respectively. The draft observed on Kaccha road for no load and 500 kg load conditions was 40 and 48 kg, respectively by Red Kandhari bullocks. Speed observed on Tar road for no load and 500 kg load conditions by RK bullock was 4.29 and 3.88 km/hr, respectively. The speed on Kaccha road was 4.04 and 3.48 km/hr, respectively. Power observed for no load and 500 kg load conditions was 0.40 and 0.43, respectively for RK bullock on tar road. And 0.43 and 0.48 Kw for no load and 500 kg load conditions, respectively on Kaccha road for RK bullock. The increased respiration rate and pulse rate was observed after 2 hrs continuous work on tar and Kaccha road is within the safe limit of fatigue score.

Keywords

FYM, Agitator, Manure Box, Cart, Spreader, Field Efficiency, Application Rate, Draft, Speed.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Agarwal, S. P. (1992). A quantitative evaluation of draft power of bullocks under conventional wooden wheel and improved pneumatic tyredcart. Indian Veterinary J., 69 (6) : 528-530.

  • Agarwal, S.P. and Agarwal, V.K. (1992).Optimum payload and draught power ofcrossbred versus Haryana bullocks. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 7: 212-224.

  • Anonymous (1980-81). Annual Report of International crop research Institute for Semi Aried Tropics, ICRISAT. Patancheru, AP, India. pp. 192-194.

  • Anonymuos (2004). Procedure for measuring distribution uniformity and calibrating granular broadcast spreader.American society of American and Biological Engineers. ASAE S341.3 Feb 04. 215 – 218.

  • Anonymous (2007).Types of fertilizers, by admin posted in latest news.www.gardening.ygoy.com.

  • Anonymous (2008). Major sources of manure.Online.Internet. From www.agritech.tnau.ac.in.

  • Anonymous (2010). Annual report. All India coordinated research project on increased utilization of animal energy with enhanced system efficiency, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Parbhani (M.S.) INDIA.

  • Basu, J.K. and Rege, N. D. (1953). Organic versus inorganic manure, 19 (1): 29 – 32.

  • Belsare, V. P. (1984). Studies on draught ability in crossbred and indigenous bullocks. M.Sc. Thesis, Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, M.S. (INDIA).

  • Bhagat, D. J. (1986). Performance of crossbred bullocks on additional concentrate levels in harrowing operation. M.Sc (Ag.) Thesis, PKV Akola.

  • Bhattacharyya, R., Chandra, S., Singh, R. D., Kundu, S., Srivastva, A. K. and Gupta, H.S. (2007).Long term farmyard manure application effects on properties of a silty clay loam soil under irrigated wheat–soybean rotation. Biological Sci. Agric. Sci. Papers, 94 (2) : 386-396.

  • Bhosrekar, M.R. and Mangurker, B.R. (1989). Comparative performance of crossbred and local bullocks for caring on different road condition and with varying loads. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 42 : 612-13.

  • Biswas, T. D., Jain, B. L. and Mandal, S.C. (1971). Cumulative effect of different levels of manure on the physical properties of soil. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 19 (1): 31 – 37.

  • Bresseler, G. O. and Bergman, E. L. (1970). Solving the poultry manure problem economically through dehydration. Livestock waste management and pollution abatement, ASAE, 1 : 81-84.

  • Galili, N., Shmulevich, C. and Coble, C. G. (1988). Wide swath vertical type centrifugal spreader.Transaction ASAE, 31(1) : 58-62.

  • Grift, T.E. and Hofstee, J.W. (2002). Treating in online spread pattern determination sensor on a broadcast fertilizer spreader. Transaction ASAE, 45 (3) : 561-567.

  • Hasan Rehanul (2002). Potassium status of soil in India. Better Crop International, 16 (2) : 3-5.

  • Jing, Tao and Karen, Mancl (2008). Estimating manure production, storage size and land application area. Otho State University.Agricultural and natural resources. AEX-715 (8) : 1- 5.

  • Lal, Madan (1996). Studies on breed characteristics, Managemental practices and utilization pattern of Nagoricattle. Ph. D. Thesis, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, HARYANA (INDIA).

  • Maurya, N.C. and Devadattam, D.S.K. (1982). Response of some physiological parameters of crossbred bullocks to different draught and ambient condition. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 35 : 18-25.

  • Michael, Schmitt and George, Rehm (2002). Fertilizing crop with beef manure Department of Soil, Water and Climate University of Minnesota.

  • Nadre, R.G. (2003). Estimation of animal power available in India. J. Agric. Engg.

  • Norman-Ham, H. A., Hanna, H. M. and Richard, T. L. (2008). Solid manure distribution by rear and side delivery spreaders. Transaction ASAE, 51 (3) : 831-843.

  • PAMI (2000). The pork producer’s guide to managing swine manure in Saskatchewan – A practical guide for farmers and applicators. SK: Praire Agricultural machinery Institute.

  • Ravindranath, N.H., Somashekar, H.I., Nagaraja, M.S., Sudha, P., Sangeetha, G., Bhattacharya, S.C. and Abdul Salam, P. (2005).

  • Assessment of sustainable non-plantation biomass resources potential for energy in India. Biomass & Bioenergy, 29 (3) :178-190.

  • Reddy, W.M. (2005). Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana (PUNJAB) INDIA.

  • Sahay, J. (2006). Elements of agricultural engineering. Standard Publishers Distributors, 1705-B, Nai Sarak, DELHI (INDIA).

  • Sarkar, Avik and Wassgrena, Carl R. (2009). Effect of operating conditions on flow and continuous granular mixing. School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, USAbDepartmentofIndustrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, USA.] Upadhyay, R. C. and Madan, M. L. (1985). Studies on blood acid base status and muscle metabolism in working bullocks. Anim. Prod., 40 : 11–16.

  • WEBLIOGRAPHY

  • Anonymous (2009). Angle of repose. An article. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_Repose.


Abstract Views: 603

PDF Views: 4




  • Performance Evaluation of an Animal Drawn Manure Spreader Cum Cart

Abstract Views: 603  |  PDF Views: 4

Authors

S. T. Patil
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Farm Machinery Testing and Training Centre (Dr. P.D.K.V.), Akola (M.S.), India
P. A. Munde
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), India

Abstract


Indian soils are poor in nitrogen. Nearly 1/3 rd of Indian soils are acidic. Food shortage in 1960s necessitated green revolution, ushering in the use of high dose of chemical fertilizers and poisonous plant protection chemicals adversely affecting the health of the soil. But long term use of these fertilizers causes degradation of soil, compaction and reduces soil fertility. Organic manures when incorporated into the soil it add nutrients it. Application of FYM improves soil fertility. Therefore, there is wide scope to its application. FYM contains almost all the essential nutrient required for soil. The addition of farm yard manure to the field is carried out traditionally. So there is scope of work to distribute the farm yard manure uniformly on the soil surface. By considering these aspects, an animal drawn manure spreader cum cart with electricity generation unit was design and fabricated.The research work and testing was undertaken at the site of the AICRP on UAE CAET, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani.The developed Manure spreader consist a chassis having two iron wheels, axel assembly, bearing, flat type agitator, peg tooth agitator, body frame for mounting the trapezoidal shaped manure box, hitching system and tool box.The application rate of manure varies from 2.46 to 10.06 t/ha for varies in opining area of cover 0.04 m2 to 0.16m2. The co-efficient of variation of uniformity for manure distribution varied from 18 -20 per cent. The designed manure spreader cum cart gave desired manure application rate (9 – 10t/ha) at an opining area of cover 0.16m2at the operational speed of 2.63km/hr and draft required was 637 N. The draft and power requirement of manure spreader were 637 N and 0.46 kW, respectively within the draft ability limit of pair of bullock.The field capacity and field efficiency of machine were 0.21 ha/hrand 84 per cent at operational speed 2.51 km/hr.The manure spreader cum cart was used for carting with 500 kg load on Tar road and Kaccha road by Red Kandhari bullocks. The draft observed for Tar road with no load and 500 kg load conditions by Red Kandhari bullocks was 37 and 41 kg. respectively. The draft observed on Kaccha road for no load and 500 kg load conditions was 40 and 48 kg, respectively by Red Kandhari bullocks. Speed observed on Tar road for no load and 500 kg load conditions by RK bullock was 4.29 and 3.88 km/hr, respectively. The speed on Kaccha road was 4.04 and 3.48 km/hr, respectively. Power observed for no load and 500 kg load conditions was 0.40 and 0.43, respectively for RK bullock on tar road. And 0.43 and 0.48 Kw for no load and 500 kg load conditions, respectively on Kaccha road for RK bullock. The increased respiration rate and pulse rate was observed after 2 hrs continuous work on tar and Kaccha road is within the safe limit of fatigue score.

Keywords


FYM, Agitator, Manure Box, Cart, Spreader, Field Efficiency, Application Rate, Draft, Speed.

References