Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research

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Production and Cropping System’s Influence on Productivity, Economic Viability and Energetics Under Mid Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh


Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
 

The study was carried out in a continuing experiment under the aegis of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna at Palampur. Three cropping systems viz. maize- wheat, maize + cowpea- wheat + gram and okra + pole beancabbage + garden pea were evaluated under four production practices viz. integrated nutrient management (INM), organic management (OA), natural farming (NF), and conservation agriculture (CA) for crop productivity, profitability and energetics. Among production systems, INM or CA were more promising in terms of wheat grain equivalent yield (WGEY), net returns, energy output, energy intensity, energy productivity and energy profitability followed by OA and NF treatment in that order. INM and CA production practices increased WGEY by 2.54 and 1.86 times, net return by 6.14 and 5.31 times, energy output by 1.63 and 1.59, energy efficiency by 2.10 and 1.20, net energy by 1.80 and 1.62, energy productivity by 4.0 and 2.0 and energy profitability by 6.8 and 5.70 times, respectively over the NF production practice. Okra + pole bean – cabbage + garden pea gave significantly higher WGEY (13.7 Mg/ha/annum), energy productivity (0.4 kg WGEY/MJ) and energy profitability (INR 616/ha/day). But it had higher cost of cultivation and low yield in kharif thereby lower net returns, B:C, energy output, energy output: input and energy intensity both in terms of MJ/kg and MJ/rupee.

Keywords

Production Systems, Cropping Systems, Energetics, Economics, INM, Organic, Conservation Agriculture, Natural Farming.
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  • Production and Cropping System’s Influence on Productivity, Economic Viability and Energetics Under Mid Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh

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Authors

Belal Ahmad Mujahed
Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
Shalley
Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
S. S. Rana
Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
Suresh Kumar
Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India
Sanjay K. Sharma
Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, India

Abstract


The study was carried out in a continuing experiment under the aegis of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna at Palampur. Three cropping systems viz. maize- wheat, maize + cowpea- wheat + gram and okra + pole beancabbage + garden pea were evaluated under four production practices viz. integrated nutrient management (INM), organic management (OA), natural farming (NF), and conservation agriculture (CA) for crop productivity, profitability and energetics. Among production systems, INM or CA were more promising in terms of wheat grain equivalent yield (WGEY), net returns, energy output, energy intensity, energy productivity and energy profitability followed by OA and NF treatment in that order. INM and CA production practices increased WGEY by 2.54 and 1.86 times, net return by 6.14 and 5.31 times, energy output by 1.63 and 1.59, energy efficiency by 2.10 and 1.20, net energy by 1.80 and 1.62, energy productivity by 4.0 and 2.0 and energy profitability by 6.8 and 5.70 times, respectively over the NF production practice. Okra + pole bean – cabbage + garden pea gave significantly higher WGEY (13.7 Mg/ha/annum), energy productivity (0.4 kg WGEY/MJ) and energy profitability (INR 616/ha/day). But it had higher cost of cultivation and low yield in kharif thereby lower net returns, B:C, energy output, energy output: input and energy intensity both in terms of MJ/kg and MJ/rupee.

Keywords


Production Systems, Cropping Systems, Energetics, Economics, INM, Organic, Conservation Agriculture, Natural Farming.

References