Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research

Anil Kumar ¹, Sandeep Manuja ², Janardan Singh ¹, D. R. Chaudhary ¹, Sanjay K. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kukumseri (Lahaul and Spiti), Himachal Pradesh-175142, IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kukumseri (L&S), Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kukumseri (Lahaul and Spiti), Himachal Pradesh-175142, IN

Abstract

A field experiment consisted of seven pea based cropping sequences viz. Pea-mustard 'NDRE 4', Pea-mustard 'JD 6', Pea-toria 'Bhawani', Pea-local sarson 'Yungar', Pea-French bean 'Contender', Pea-buckwheat 'Local' and Pea-buckwheat 'USDA' was conducted at Kukumseri (Lahaul and Spiti) during 2010 and 2011 to find out the most remunerative second crop after main pea crop for dry temperate conditions of western Himalayas. The local sarson 'Yunger' took the least days (58 days) for maturity closely followed by French bean. Buckwheat USDA took highest number of days (92) to mature. Among new introduced mustard varieties 'NDRE 4' took 81 days. The highest pea equivalent yield (6377 kg/ha) with net return of INR 86714/ha and B: C ratio of 1.82 was obtained from pea-Frenchbean 'Contender' sequence followed by pea-mustard 'NDRE 4' (5561 kg/ha) with net return of INR 81478/ha and B: C ratio of 1.86. The increase in yield and net return with the best sequence (pea-Frenchbean 'Contender) over the most prevalent pea- local sarson 'Yunger' sequence was 24.9 and 23.8%, respectively.

Keywords

Pea, Cropping Sequence, Economics.

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Janardan Singh ¹, D. R. Chaudhary ², Suresh Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176062, HP, IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176062, HP, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during summer 2013 at Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Kukumseri to study the effect of post-emergence herbicides viz. imazethapyr 50 and 80 g/ha, pendimethalin + imazethapyr 900 and 1200 g/ha, imazethapyr + imazamox 50 and 75 g/ha and clodinafop 60 g/ ha in relation to pre-emergence pendimethalin 1200 g/ha and hand weeding twice on weeds and yield and economics of garden pea. Digitaria sanguinalis L. was the predominant grass weed while Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium botrys L., Gallinsoga parviflora L. and Malva parviflora L. were the major broad-leaf weeds. Pendimethalin at 1200 g/ha significantly reduced weed density and dry weight. This was followed by hand weeding twice (30 and 60 DAS). Pendimethalin resulted in maximum weed control efficiency (65.81%) and herbicide efficiency index (74.13%) and was followed by clodinafop 60 g/ha. Pod weight was not significantly affected. The highest pods/plant, green pods yield (2833 kg/ha), crop productivity (41.06 kg/ha/day), net returns (` 76294/ha), crop profitability (` 1105.71/ha/day) and B:C ratio (3.06) were recorded under pendimethalin 1200 g/ha. Clodinafop 60 g/ha and hand weeding twice had equal pods/plant and green pod yield. Among post-emergence herbicides, clodinafop 60 g/ha, imazethepyr 50 g/ha and imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g/ha were the economical treatments.

Keywords

Garden Pea, Weeds, Imazethapyr, Imazamox, Clodinafop, Pendimethalin, Profitability, Productivity.

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Janardan Singh ¹, D. R. Chaudhary ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

A field experiment comprising of six treatments viz. N0 (control), N20 (20 kg N/ha as basal), N40 (40 kg N/ha as basal), N20+20 (40 kg N/ha in two equal splits, half as basal and another half as top-dressing at 30 DAS), N60 (60 kg N/ha as basal) and N30+30 (60 kg N/ha in two equal splits) was conducted at Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Kukumseri during summer 2013 to study the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield, economics and nitrogen use efficiency in garden pea. N at 60 kg/ha in splits gave taller plants while the shorter plants were under control. Basal application of 40 kg N/ha proved to be the best treatment for increasing productivity and profitability of garden pea in cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh. The highest dry matter production (5166 kg/ha) was recorded at N40. Maximum dry matter efficiency (0.83%/day), unit area efficiency (4.31g/m²/day), green pod weight (4.3g/pod) and productivity (43.13 kg/ha/day) were recorded at N40. The highest green pod yield (3666 kg/ha) was at N40 which was 120 and 62.9% higher over N0 and N20, respectively. Maximum nitrogen use efficiency (50 kg green pod/kg N), gross returns (99150/ha), net returns (62859/ha), B:C ratio (2.73) and profitability (Rs. 740/ha/day) were also at N40. There was no benefit of using N in splits in pea in this drier tract of the state.

Keywords

Nitrogen, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Productivity, Profitability, Garden Pea.

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D. R. Chaudhary ¹, Palash Santra ¹

Affiliations
1 CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Kukumseri-175 142, IN

Abstract

Seven diverse genotypes of garden pea were crossed in a diallel mating design (excluding reciprocals) to infer about the genetic architecture of pod yield and earliness following Haymans' approach. Both the GCA and SCA variances were found significant for all the traits studied. The predictability ratio (σ²SCA/σ²GCA) was more than unity for all the traits studied except for days to 50 % flowering. The values of observed regression coefficient 'b' were low in magnitude and deviated from unity for days to first picking, shelling percentage, pods per plant, plant height and pod yield per plant. The regression line intersected Wraxis below the point of origin which indicated the presence of overdominance. The scatter of array points along the regression line clearly indicated that the parental genotypes used in the present investigation were genetically diverse. The parental arrays, DPP 941806 and Pb89 possessed most of the dominant genes with positive effect, whereas, the parents DPP3 and DPP LMR41 had the recessive genes with increased effect on pod yield and its related traits. Both additive (D) and nonadditive (H₁ , H₂) components were found significant for all the traits except additive component for pod yield per plant, shelling percentage and days to first picking. The mean degree of dominance revealed the presence of over dominance for all the traits which was probably due to the predominant role of nonadditive genetic variation. The equal distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents was observed for days to 50 % flowering, pods per plant and shelling percentage. Low narrow sense heritability estimates were observed for pod yield per plant, pods per plant, days to 50 % flowering and days to first picking.

Keywords

Pod Yield, Genetic Variation, Graphical Analysis.

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