Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research

Anil Kumar ¹, Sandeep Manuja ², Janardan Singh ¹, D. R. Chaudhary ¹, Sanjay K. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kukumseri (Lahaul and Spiti), Himachal Pradesh-175142, IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kukumseri (L&S), Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kukumseri (Lahaul and Spiti), Himachal Pradesh-175142, IN

Abstract

A field experiment consisted of seven pea based cropping sequences viz. Pea-mustard 'NDRE 4', Pea-mustard 'JD 6', Pea-toria 'Bhawani', Pea-local sarson 'Yungar', Pea-French bean 'Contender', Pea-buckwheat 'Local' and Pea-buckwheat 'USDA' was conducted at Kukumseri (Lahaul and Spiti) during 2010 and 2011 to find out the most remunerative second crop after main pea crop for dry temperate conditions of western Himalayas. The local sarson 'Yunger' took the least days (58 days) for maturity closely followed by French bean. Buckwheat USDA took highest number of days (92) to mature. Among new introduced mustard varieties 'NDRE 4' took 81 days. The highest pea equivalent yield (6377 kg/ha) with net return of INR 86714/ha and B: C ratio of 1.82 was obtained from pea-Frenchbean 'Contender' sequence followed by pea-mustard 'NDRE 4' (5561 kg/ha) with net return of INR 81478/ha and B: C ratio of 1.86. The increase in yield and net return with the best sequence (pea-Frenchbean 'Contender) over the most prevalent pea- local sarson 'Yunger' sequence was 24.9 and 23.8%, respectively.

Keywords

Pea, Cropping Sequence, Economics.

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Janardan Singh ¹, D. R. Chaudhary ², Suresh Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176062, HP, IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176062, HP, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during summer 2013 at Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Kukumseri to study the effect of post-emergence herbicides viz. imazethapyr 50 and 80 g/ha, pendimethalin + imazethapyr 900 and 1200 g/ha, imazethapyr + imazamox 50 and 75 g/ha and clodinafop 60 g/ ha in relation to pre-emergence pendimethalin 1200 g/ha and hand weeding twice on weeds and yield and economics of garden pea. Digitaria sanguinalis L. was the predominant grass weed while Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium botrys L., Gallinsoga parviflora L. and Malva parviflora L. were the major broad-leaf weeds. Pendimethalin at 1200 g/ha significantly reduced weed density and dry weight. This was followed by hand weeding twice (30 and 60 DAS). Pendimethalin resulted in maximum weed control efficiency (65.81%) and herbicide efficiency index (74.13%) and was followed by clodinafop 60 g/ha. Pod weight was not significantly affected. The highest pods/plant, green pods yield (2833 kg/ha), crop productivity (41.06 kg/ha/day), net returns (` 76294/ha), crop profitability (` 1105.71/ha/day) and B:C ratio (3.06) were recorded under pendimethalin 1200 g/ha. Clodinafop 60 g/ha and hand weeding twice had equal pods/plant and green pod yield. Among post-emergence herbicides, clodinafop 60 g/ha, imazethepyr 50 g/ha and imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g/ha were the economical treatments.

Keywords

Garden Pea, Weeds, Imazethapyr, Imazamox, Clodinafop, Pendimethalin, Profitability, Productivity.

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Janardan Singh ¹, D. R. Chaudhary ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

A field experiment comprising of six treatments viz. N0 (control), N20 (20 kg N/ha as basal), N40 (40 kg N/ha as basal), N20+20 (40 kg N/ha in two equal splits, half as basal and another half as top-dressing at 30 DAS), N60 (60 kg N/ha as basal) and N30+30 (60 kg N/ha in two equal splits) was conducted at Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Kukumseri during summer 2013 to study the effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield, economics and nitrogen use efficiency in garden pea. N at 60 kg/ha in splits gave taller plants while the shorter plants were under control. Basal application of 40 kg N/ha proved to be the best treatment for increasing productivity and profitability of garden pea in cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh. The highest dry matter production (5166 kg/ha) was recorded at N40. Maximum dry matter efficiency (0.83%/day), unit area efficiency (4.31g/m²/day), green pod weight (4.3g/pod) and productivity (43.13 kg/ha/day) were recorded at N40. The highest green pod yield (3666 kg/ha) was at N40 which was 120 and 62.9% higher over N0 and N20, respectively. Maximum nitrogen use efficiency (50 kg green pod/kg N), gross returns (99150/ha), net returns (62859/ha), B:C ratio (2.73) and profitability (Rs. 740/ha/day) were also at N40. There was no benefit of using N in splits in pea in this drier tract of the state.

Keywords

Nitrogen, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Productivity, Profitability, Garden Pea.

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Aastha ¹, Janardan Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2015 at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh to evaluate the effect of genotype, sowing schedule and row spacing on growth indices of soybean. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations comprising of two genotypes (Harasoya and HIMSO 1685), three sowing schedules (last week of May, 1st week and 2nd week of June) and two row spacings (45 cm and 60 cm). A genotype, HIMSO 1685,resulted in significantly better growth over Harasoya except plant height and absolute growth rate. Soybean sown during last week of May followed by 1st week of June resulted in significantly higher dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, leaf area duration, leaf area ratio, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Narrow row spacing of 45 cm resulted in significantly better growth.

Keywords

Growth Indices, Row Spacing, Sowing Schedule, Soybean.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Janardan Singh ², S. S. Rana ², Sandeep Manuja ²

Affiliations
1 Mountain Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Salooni, Chamba, HP, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN

Abstract

Farmers of Lahaul were using upto four times higher seed rates of peas which was not only their concern but of the scientists and the policy makers. Therefore, seed rates (100,150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 1^/ha) with recommended (20:60:30 :: kg N:P₂0₅,:K₂0/ha) and 150% NPK were evaluated at Highland Research and Extension Centre, Kukumseri during 2010 and 2011 to find out optimum seeding rate of peas under dry temperate region of Northwestern Himalayas. It was observed that emergence count and final plant stand of peas increased with increase in the seed rate upto 300 1^/ha during 2010 and upto 350 kg/ha during 2011. Pods/plant was also significantly affected during 2010. But there was consistent decrease in pods/plant beyond the seed rate of 150 kg/ha. Seeds/pod and seed weight/pod were not significantly affected during both the years. Peas green pod yield was significantly increased upto a seed rate of 250 kg/ha during 2010 and at 200 kg/ha during 2011. Yield attributes and yield of peas were not significantly influenced due to fertility levels.

Keywords

Seed Rate, Productivity, Garden Pea, Temperate Conditions.

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Neha Chauhan ¹, N. K. Sankhyan ¹, R. P. Sharma ¹, Janardan Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

The effect of continuous application of fertilizers and amendments on wheat yield and DTPA extractable micronutrients in an acid Alfisol during rabi (2016-17) was evaluated in field experiment at the research farm of the Department of Soil Science, CSKHPKV Palampur. This experiment was initiated during 1972 in randomized block design with eleven treatments which were replicated three times. The soil of the experimental area was silt loam and classified taxonomically as "Typic Hapludalf". The highest productivity of wheat was recorded in the treatment comprising 100 per cent NPK + FYM and was statistically comparable with 100 per cent NPK + lime. Continuous application of N alone resulted in zero yield and omission of K and S from the fertilization schedule also resulted in drastic reduction in the yield. In surface soil (0-0.15m), application of Zn along with 100 per cent NPK (T₅ ) recorded the highest value (3.75 mg kg^-1) of DTPA extractable Zn and combined use of FYM with optimal dose of NPK (T₈ ) recorded the highest value of DTPA extractable Fe, Cu and Mn (38.0, 2.25 and 37.25 mg kg^-1, respectively). The lowest value (1.08, 18.8, 1.32 and 17.90 mg kg^-1) of DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn, respectively, was recorded in control plot.

Keywords

Wheat Yield, Micronutrients, Fertilizers, Amendments, Alfisol.

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Shilpa ¹, Janardan Singh ¹, Navneet Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2017 at Agronomy Research Farm, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur to study the effect of black gram genotypes and nitrogen levels on yield attributes and yield of maize under maize + black gram intercropping system. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprising of five genotypes of black gram (Him Mash-1, DKU-118, DKU-82, DKU-98 and DKU-99) and two nitrogen levels (50 and 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen for maize). Experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, low in available nitrogen, and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. Intercropping with different mash varieties significantly influenced yield attributes and yields of maize. The highest number of grains/cob (539), test weight (238 g), grain yield (3501.3 kg/ha) of maize was recorded in maize + Him Mash-1 intercropping system. Application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen resulted in significantly higher values of yield attributes and yields as compared to 50% recommended dose of nitrogen. Sole maize crop recorded higher values of yield attributes and yields of maize over intercropped maize. Him mash-1 with 100% recommended dose of nitrogen significantly improved the yield attributes of maize.

Keywords

Black Gram, Maize, Yield, Yield Attributes.

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Tarun Sharma ¹, Janardan Singh ², Navneet Kaur ³, Shilpa ³

Affiliations
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
3 Ph.D. Students, Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during the Kharif 2019, to evaluate the effect of organic nutrient sources on growth and growth indices of cowpea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of eight treatments [T₁-Bijamrita + Jiwamrita (5%, 10% and 10%, respectively at 21, 42 & 63 DAS), T₂–Bijamrita + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha), T₃ - Bijamrita + Jiwamrita (5%, 10% and 10%, respectively at 21, 42 & 63 DAS) + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha), T₄ - Farm yard manure (10 t/ha), T₅ - Farm yard manure (10 t/ha) + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha), T₆ - Biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB @ 10g/kg of seed) + Farm yard manure (10t/ha) + Vermiwash at 15, 30 & 45 DAS (1:10), T₇ - Biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB @10 g/kg of seed) + Vermicompost (7.5 t/ha) + Vermiwash at 15, 30 & 45 DAS (1:10), T₈ - Absolute control]. Application of farm yard manure @10 t/ha + Ghanajiwamrita @ 250 kg/ha resulted in the significantly higher values of plant height, dry matter accumulation, absolute growth rate and unit area efficiency over rest of the treatments.

Keywords

Cowpea, Dry Matter Accumulation, Nutrients, Plant Height.

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Saleman Sultani ¹, Janardan Singh ¹, Shilpa . ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (Kharif) season of 2020 at CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on productivity of soybean (Glycine max L). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprising of eight treatments [T₁ - 75 per cent RDN (FYM), T₂ -100 per cent RDN (FYM), T₃ -75 per cent RDF (Fertilizers), T₄ - 100 per cent RDF (Fertilizers), T₅ - 50 per cent RDF (Fertilizers) + 25 per cent RDN (FYM), T₆ - 50 per cent RDF 5 6 (Fertilizers) + 50 per cent RDN (FYM), T₇ - 100 per cent RDN (FYM) + rest P and K (Fertilizers) and T₈ - Control (N P K )]. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture and acidic in reaction, low in 0 0 0 available nitrogen (N), medium in available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Significantly higher plant height and dry matter accumulation recorded in T₆ at all growth stages which was at par with T₇ and T₄ . The shortest plants were recorded in control treatment. Significantly higher absolute growth rate was noted at 30 DAS in T₆ while lowest was in control treatment. Significantly higher CGR was noted at 60 DAS in T₆ which was at pat with T₇ and T₄ while significantly higher RGR value noted in T₇ which was at par with T₆ and T₄ while both of CGR and RGR (Relative Growth Rate) remained non-significant at all other growth stages. The lowest values of CGR and RGR were noted in T₈. The highest value of DME (0.93) was recorded in T₅ while the lowest value was in control. The highest UAE (Unit Area Efficiency) was noted in T₅ (1685 kg/ha) followed by T₆ while the lowest was in control treatment. Application of 50 per cent recommended dose of nutrients from fertilizers and 50 per cent of recommended dose of nitrogen from farm yard manure proved to be the best treatment for better growth and growth indices.

Keywords

Soybean, Growth indices, Dry matter, Organic and Inorganic

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Shilpa . ¹, Janardan Singh ¹, Sandeep Manuja ¹, Pardeep Kumar ², Pooja . ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur -176 062,, IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of tillage practices and different nutrient sources on growth, growth indices and yield of mustard. The experiment was directed in split plot design comprising of three main plots [(Zero tillage, Reduced tillage and conventional tillage) and four sub plots (75% RDN, 100% RDN, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) treatments]. Results revealed that plant height (137.92 cm), dry matter accumulation 2 2 (393.03 g/m ), absolute growth rate (0.20 g/day), crop growth rate (0.83 g/m /day), dry matter efficiency (0.149 %), 2 unit area efficiency (0.00062 kg/ m /day), seed yield (1045.0 kg/ha) and straw yield (3242.3 kg/ha) of mustard were highest under reduced tillage. Among different nutrient sources, 100 per cent recommended 2 dose of fertilizer recorded highest plant height (139.72 cm), dry matter accumulation (407.81 g/m ), dry matter 2 efficiency (0.151 %), unit area efficiency (0.00065 kg/ m /day), seed yield (1098.4 kg/ha) and straw yield (3112.6 2 kg/ha) whereas absolute growth rate (0.17 g/day) and crop growth rate (0.77 g/m /day) were highest with 75 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer. Correlation studies showed that plant height, dry matter accumulation, absolute growth rate, dry matter efficiency and unit area efficiency had positive significant association with mustard yield, indicating the importance of these traits in selection for yield. It was concluded that among tillage practices, reduced tillage proved best for growth and productivity of mustard whereas in case of different nutrient sources, 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizerwas found better.

Keywords

Conventional tillage, Farm yard manure, Growth, Mustard, Reduced tillage, Yield, Zero tillage.

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