A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Rana, S.K.
- Distribution and Survival of Flag Smut of Wheat Caused by Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A. A. Fisch.
Authors
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 48, No 01 (2022), Pagination: 80-84Abstract
Flag smut of wheat caused by Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A.A. Fisch. Waldh. is an important seed as well as soil borne disease that is now emerging as a serious problem in Himachal Pradesh. During the survey of wheat growing areas of Himachal Pradesh, the highest average incidence of disease (17.77 %) was recorded from Thural of district Kangra followed by Akrot of district Una, Bhager of district Bilaspur and Dhaulakuan of district Sirmour with 14.65, 10.56 and 9.19 per cent incidence, respectively. The overall average disease incidence was significantly higher in 2019-20 (7.12 %) as compared to 2020-21 (5.97 %). The pathogen inoculum buried at 2 cm below the soil surface for 8 months yielded highest spore germination of 18.92 per cent and no spore germination was recorded till 4 months of storage due to the dormancy in any of the screened storage conditions.Keywords
Flag smut, Urocystis agropyri, disease incidence and survival of inoculumReferences
- Allan CR and Duran R. 1979. Urocystis agropyri: The influence of aging on teliospore germination. Plant Disease Reporter 63: 841-43.
- Basandrai AK, Sood AK and Sud AK. 1993. Prevalence of flag smut (Urocystis agropyri) of wheat in Himachal Pradesh. Plant Disease Research 8: 85.
- Goel LB, Singh DV, Srivastava KD, Joshi LM and Nagrajan S. 1977. Smut and bunts of wheat in India. Division of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, pp 38.
- Goel RK and Jhooty JS. 1984. Germination of teliospores of Urocystis agropyri causing flag smut of wheat. Indian Phytopathology 37: 706-08.
- Kumar S, Jasrotia P, Kashyap PL, Kumar R and Singh GP. 2021. Wheat crop health newsletter. ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 26: 1-9.
- Purdy LH. 1965. Flag smut of wheat. The Botanical Review 31: 565-606.
- Sethi GS and Singh HB. 1971. Flag smut threatens kalayansona wheat. Intensive Agriculture 2: 13-14.
- Shekhawat PS. 2008. Investigations on flag smut (Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) Schrot) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ph D Thesis, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India.
- Sharma AK, Saharan MS and Singh SS. 2011. Wheat crop health newsletter. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal 16: 1-5.
- Sydow HP and Butler EJ. 1906. Fungi Indiae orientalis. Annales Mycologici 4: 427.
- Verwoerd L. 1929. The biology, parasitism and control of Urocystis tritici, Koern. the causal organism of flag smut in wheat and recording the occurrence of Urocystis occulta (Wallr). Rab. in South Africa as the cause of stem smut in rye. Union South Africa Scientific Bulletin 76: 1-59.
- Screening and Identification of Resistant Sources Against Sheath Blight of Rice
Authors
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 48, No 01 (2022), Pagination: 142-144Abstract
Sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk) is one of the important rice diseases after rice blast and is known to cause yield losses up to the extent of 1.2-69.0 per cent. For an effective management of sheath blight, different disease management approaches could be opted but the use of resistant varieties is considered as the most reliable one. Considering the importance of crop and extent of damage, a set of 50 rice germplasm lines was screened against sheath blight of rice, out of which 14 lines showed resistant reaction and 16 lines exhibited moderately resistant reaction, respectively. Rest 20 lines showed moderately susceptible and susceptible reaction. Rice germplasm lines identified in this study could be brought into rice breeding programmes after field validation.
Keywords
Germplasm, resistance, management, sheath blightReferences
- Anonymous. 2017. Department of agricultural cooperation and farmer welfare of Ministry of agricultural and farmer welfare, government of India http://agricoop.nic.in/ Welcome.aspx Agricultural statistics at a glance p 26-27.
- Anonymous. 2017. Economic Survey of Himachal Pradesh. 2016-17. Economic and Statistics Department p 1-161.
- Anonymous. 2017. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations http://www.FAOstat.fao.org.com.
- Biswas B, Dhaliwal LK, Chahal SK and Pannu PS. 2011. Effect of meteorological factors on rice sheath blight and exploratory development of predictive models. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 81 (3): 256-260.
- Chandra S, Singh HK, Kumar P and Yadav N. 2016. Screening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) in changing climate scenario. Journal of Agricultural Search 3 (2): 130-132.
- Dath P A. 1990. Sheath blight disease of rice and its management. Indian Phytopathology 11: 319-331.
- Datta A, Krishna SS and Prasad V. 2017. Rice sheath blight: A review of unsung fatal disease. Trends in Biosciences 10 (45): 9216-9219.
- Dubey AK, Pandian RTP, Rajashekara H, Khanna A and Ellur RK. 2014. Molecular validation of blast and sheath blight resistance in improved rice genotypes and landraces. Indian Phytopathology 67 (3): 216-221.
- Kohli CK. 1966. Pathogenicity and host range studies on paddy sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Journal and Research, Punjab Agricultural University 3: 37-40.
- Kumar KVK, Reddy MS, Kloepper JW, Lawrence KS and Groth DE. 2009. Sheath blight diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 6: 465-480.
- Kumar S, Dwivedi SK, Kumar R, Bhakta N, Prakash V, Rao KK, Kumar R, Yadav S, Choubey AK and Mishra JS. 2017. Screening of different rice germplasm against multiple disease under submergence condition in middle Indogangetic plain. International Journal of Current Microbiological and Applied Sciences 6 (5): 335-339.
- Lee FN and Rush MC. 1983. Rice sheath blight: A major rice disease. Plant Disease 67 (7): 829-832.
- Naidu VD. 1992. Influence of sheath blight of rice on grain and straw yield in some popular local varieties. Journal Research, Assam Agriculture University 10:78-80.
- Paracer CS and Chahal DS. 1963. Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizotonia solani Kuhn- A new Record in India. Current Science 32: 328-329.
- Pavani SL, Singh V, Singh PK and Pothiraj G. 2018. Screening of rice germplasm’s for resistance to sheath blight. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7: 4456-4461.
- Yellareddygari SKR, Reddy MS, Kloepper JW, Lawrence KS and Fadamino H. 2014. Rice sheath blight: A review of diseases and pathogen management approaches. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology 5:4.
- Effect of epidemiological factors on the growth and development of Fusarium graminearum and head blight of wheat
Authors
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062,, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 48, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 258-265Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), is a serious disease causing significant reduction in yield and quality of wheat grains throughout the world. An in vitro experiment was conducted to find out the suitable temperature and pH for the growth and sporulation of Fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of FHB. The results showed 6 that the maximum growth of the fungus (90.00 mm), highest sporulation of 5.5×10 conidia per ml and perithecia formation occurred at 25ºC. A pH of 5 resulted in the maximum growth (86.00 mm) of the fungus, 6 highest sporulation (5.7×10 conidia/ ml) and perithecia formation. The studies on the effect of weather variables viz., temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the development of FHB in wheat crop sown at st th st three different dates i.e. 31 October, 15 November and 1 December during Rabiseason of 2019-20 and 2020- 21 revealed that all the weather parameters contributed positively in the development of the disease and the disease severity was highest on late sown crop during both the cropping years.Keywords
Wheat, Fusarium graminearum, temperature, pH, weather.References
- Agarwal DK and Sarboy AK. 1978. Physiological studies on four species of Fusarium pathogenic to soyabean. Indian Phytopathology 31: 24-31.
- Booth C. 1971. The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, Survey, England p 179-181.
- Brahma RN and Singh SD. 1985. Occurrence of scab of wheat in the Nilgiri hills. Current Science 54: 1184-1185.
- Brennan JM, Fagan B, Van Maanen A, Cooke BM and Doohan FM. 2003. Studies on in vitro growth and pathogenicity of European Fusarium fungi. European Journal of Plant Pathology 109: 577–587.
- Cochrane VW. 1958. Physiology of Fungi. Welly, New York, pp. 524.
- Dhingra OD and Sinclair JD. 1985. Basic Plant Pathology Methods, CRC Press, pp. 310.
- Di Menna ME, Lauren DR and Smith WA. 1991. Effect of incubation temperature on zearalenone production by strains of Fusarium crookwellense. Mycopathologia 116: 81-86.
- Doohan FM, Parry DW, Jenkinson Pand Nicholson P. 1998. The use of species-specific PCR-based assays to analyse Fusarium ear blight of wheat. Plant Pathology 47: 197- 205.
- Dufault NS, DeWolf ED, Lipps PE and Madden LV. 2006. Role of temperature and moisture in the production and maturation of Gibberella zeae perithecia. Plant Disease 90: 637–644.
- Edwards KJ, Reid AL, Coghill JA, Berry ST and Barker GLA. 2009. Multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genotyping in allohexaploid wheat using padlock probes. Plant Biotechnology Journal 7: 375-390.
- Fernando WGD, Paulitz TC, Seaman WL and Seifert K. 2000. Daily and seasonal dynamics of airborne spores of Fusarium graminearum and other Fusarium species samples over wheat fields. Canadian Journal of Botany 78: 497-505.
- Gupta H. 2019. Impact of head blight on seed health of wheat and its management. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India, pp. 56.
- Hudec K and Muchova D. 2010. Influence of temperature and species origin on Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale pathogenicity to wheat seedlings. Plant Protection Science 46: 59–65.
- Jimeneza M, Manez M and Hernandez E. 1996. Influence of water activity and temperature on the production of zearalenone in corn by three Fusarium species. International Journal of Food Microbiology 29: 417- 421.
- Kaur S, Chahal SS and Narinder S. 1999. Effect of temperature on the development of the pathogen and head blight disease in wheat. Plant Disease Research 14: 191-194.
- Klittich CJR and Leslie JF. 1988. Nitrate reduction mutants of Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikurai). Genetics 118: 417-423.
- Lenc L. 2015. Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium populations in grain of winter wheat grown in different cultivation systems. Journal of Plant Protection Research 55 (1): 94-109.
- Mann SK and Nanda GS. 1999. A new leaf spot disease of wheat from India. Indian Phytopathology 52: 426.
- Manstretta V and Rossi V. 2016. Effects of temperature and moisture on development of Fusarium graminearum perithecia in maize stalk residues. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82: 184 –191.
- McMullen M, Jones R and Gallenberg D. 1997. Scab of wheat and barley: a re-emerging disease of devastating impact. Plant Disease 81: 1340-1348.
- Pal N, Kumar A and Malannavar AB. 2019. Effect of temperature and pH levels on the growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini causing linseed wilt. International Journal of Chemical Studies 7 (3): 4494- 4497.
- Panwar V, Aggarwal A, Paul S, Kumar J and Saharan MS. 2016. Distribution dynamics of Fusarium spp. causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat at different geographical locations in India. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 6: 167-177.
- Rossi V, Ravanetti A, Pattori E and Giosue S. 2002. Effect of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes on sporulation of four fungi causing head blight of wheat. Journal of Plant Pathology 84 (2): 95-105.
- Roy AK. 1974. Ear blight and scab of wheat in Arunachal Pradesh. Current Science 43: 162.
- Saharan MS, Kumar J, Sharma AK, Tiwari R and Nagarajan S. 2003. Pathogenic variation among Fusarium spp. associated with head scab of wheat in India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 73: 322-326.
- Saharan MS, Naef A, Kumar J, Defago G and Tiwari R. 2004. Variation among isolates of Fusarium graminearum associated with head scab in India. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight; incorporating 8th European Fusarium Seminar held at Orlando, FL, USA. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI., pp. 533
- Shaner G. 2003. Epidemiology of Fusarium head blight of small grain cereals in North America. In K.J. Leonard & W. R.Bushnell (Eds.), Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley (pp. 84–119). St. Paul: APS Press.
- Sharma RL, Singh BP, Thakur MP and Thapa SK. 2005. Effect of media, temperature, pH and light on the growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini (Bolley) Snyder and Hensan. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 13 (1): 172-174.
- Singh PJ and Aujla SS. 1994. Effect of lodging on development of head scab of wheat. Indian Phytopatholgy 47: 256-257.
- Tschanz AT, Horst RK and Nelson PE. 1976. The effect of environment on sexual reproduction of Gibberella zeae. Mycologia 68: 327-340.