IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Issues and Challenges among Women Who Inject Drugs and Overdose in Manipur


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Noida International University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, Delhi, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Overdose occurs when a drug user takes too much of the drug which a body cannot tolerate and the body reacts negatively. If proper medical care is not given, an overdose can be fatal. There is an increasing evidence of overdose related deaths nationally and internationally both. It is acknowledged that people who use/inject drugs are stigmatized. Even more marginalized and stigmatized are women who use/inject drugs. The present study attempts to understand the knowledge and responses of overdose among the women who injects drugs (heroin) in Manipur, India. Through a semi structured survey questionnaire data was collected from 50 women who inject drugs. Participants were identified through peer based and service providers who were already involved in the intervention program for injecting drug users in the area. All the 50 women interviewed had clear knowledge and information about Overdose. Even though the knowledge level is high, the women reported that they were not able to give appropriate services when overdose occurred. This calls for further efforts in empowering the women who use drugs and creating an enabling environment for greater uptake of the services.

Keywords

Drug Use, Heroin Injectors, Overdose, Overdose Knowledge.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • British Colombia Coroners' Service (2017). Illicit drug overdose deaths in BC: January 1, 2007-December 31, 2016. Office of the Chief Coroner, Burnaby, British Columbia.

  • Degenhardt, L., &Hall, W. (2012). Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet, 379(9810), 55-70.

  • Degenhardt, L., Bucello, C, Mathers, B., Briegleb, C, Ali, H., Hickman, M., & McLaren, J. (2011). Mortality among regular or dependent users of heroin and other opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Addiction, 106(1). 32-51. doi:10.1111/j.l360-0443.2010.03140.x.

  • Eicher, A., Crofts, N., Benjamin, S., Deutschmann, R, & Rodger, A. J. (2000). A certain fate: spread of HIV among young injecting drug uers in Manipur, North East India. AIDS Care, 12(4), 497-504.

  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs & Drug addiction (2011). Mortality related to drug use in Europe: Public Health Implications. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs & Drug addiction (2016). European drug report: Trends and developments. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

  • Government of Manipur (2018). Districts in Manipur. Retrieved from http://manipur.gov.in/?page_id=619

  • Kumar, C. (2018). Accidental drug overdose kills two Indians every day. Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/accidental drug overdose skills two Indians every day/articleshow. Accessed 27 March 2018,8 p.m.

  • Manipur AIDS Control Society (MACS) (2018). SIMS Analysis Report, 2015-16. Retrieved fromhttp://manipursacs.nic.in/

  • Murthy, P. (2002). Women and drug abuse: The problem in India. New Delhi: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India

  • National AIDS Control Organisation, National Institute of Medical Statistics (2015). India HIV Estimation 2015: Technical Report. New Delhi: Author.

  • National Institute of Medical Sciences, National AIDS Control Organisation (2006). Techical Report: India HIV estimates. New Delhi: Author.

  • National Institute of Medical Statistics & National AIDS Control Organization (2010). Technical report: India HIV Estimates. New Delhi: Author.

  • Oinam, A. (2008). Exploring the links between drug use and sexual vulnerability among young female injecting drug users in Manipur. Health and Population Innovation Fellowship Program. Working Paper No. 6. New Delhi: Population Council.

  • Rudd, R. A., Seth, P., David, R, & Scholl, L. (2016). Increases in drug and opioid involved overdose deaths: United States, 2010-2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65,1445-1452. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm65505le1.

  • Sherman, S. G, Gann, D. S, Scott, G, Carlberg, S, Bigg, D, & Heimer, R. (2008). A qualitative study of overdose responses among Chicago IDUs. Harm Reduction Journal, 5, Issue 2. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-5-2.

  • Singh, H. D. (2001). Rapid situation assessment of drug use in Imphal. Report for UNESCO, DAPPAand SHARAN, Imphal.

  • Smith, M. W., Darke, S., & Lynskey, M. (2001). Heroin overdose: Causes and consequences. Addiction, 96(8), 1113-1124.

  • Susan, G.S., Adeeba, K., & Patricia, S. (2007). Women and drugs across the globe: A call to action. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(2), 97-98.

  • United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime (2016). World drug report 2016. United Nation publication, Sales No. E. 16.XI.7.

  • United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime (2017). World drug report 2017. ISBN: 97892-1-148291-1, elSBN: 978-92-1-060623-3, United Nations publication, Sales No. E.17.XI.6).

  • Williams, P., Bryant, M., & Hennessy, S. (2001). ACT Drug Trends 2000: Findings from the illicit drug reporting system (IDRS). NDARC Technical Report, University of South Wales, Sydney. Australia.

  • Yu, L., Nicholas, B., Longhui, L., Xiuyi, L., Yahai, Z., & Wenhua, Z. (2012). Attitudes and knowledge about naloxone and overdose prevention among detained drug users in Ningbo, China. Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention Policy, 7, Issue 6. doi: 0.1186/1747-597X-7-6.


Abstract Views: 268

PDF Views: 0




  • Issues and Challenges among Women Who Inject Drugs and Overdose in Manipur

Abstract Views: 268  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Archana Oinam
Department of Psychology, Noida International University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Heena Parveen
Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, Delhi, India

Abstract


Overdose occurs when a drug user takes too much of the drug which a body cannot tolerate and the body reacts negatively. If proper medical care is not given, an overdose can be fatal. There is an increasing evidence of overdose related deaths nationally and internationally both. It is acknowledged that people who use/inject drugs are stigmatized. Even more marginalized and stigmatized are women who use/inject drugs. The present study attempts to understand the knowledge and responses of overdose among the women who injects drugs (heroin) in Manipur, India. Through a semi structured survey questionnaire data was collected from 50 women who inject drugs. Participants were identified through peer based and service providers who were already involved in the intervention program for injecting drug users in the area. All the 50 women interviewed had clear knowledge and information about Overdose. Even though the knowledge level is high, the women reported that they were not able to give appropriate services when overdose occurred. This calls for further efforts in empowering the women who use drugs and creating an enabling environment for greater uptake of the services.

Keywords


Drug Use, Heroin Injectors, Overdose, Overdose Knowledge.

References