Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Mental Health and Life Satisfaction:A Comparative Study between Female and hijras (Transgender)


Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship and gender differences on mental health, and life satisfaction. Two hundred adults (100 females, 100 transgender) completed measures of general health questionnaire-28 and life satisfaction scale. Low level of life satisfaction accompanied by general health scores that reflect social and personal psychopathology, with transgender and women scoring higher in somatic, anxiety, social dysfunctions, and severe depression. Life satisfaction significantly negatively correlated with general health (somatic, anxiety, social dysfunctions, & severe depression). The findings reveal that female's mental health and life satisfaction better than transgender. Mental health of transgender people were significantly poor than females on somatic, anxiety and severe depression, social dysfunctions (general health).

Keywords

Hijras (Transgender), Mental Health, Life Satisfaction.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Barenbaum, N. B., & Winter, D. G. (2008). History of modern personality theory and research. HandbookofPersonality: Theory and Research, 3,3-26.
  • Bhugra,D. (2009). Cultural aspects ofmood disorders. Psychiatry, 8(3), 87-90.
  • Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Material wealth and subjective well-being. In M. E. Eid and R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 307-322). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Bockting, C. L., Schene, A. H., Spinhoven, P., Koeter, M. W., Wouters, L. F., Huyser, J., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2005). Preventing relapse/recurrence in recurrent depression with cognitive therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(4), 647.
  • Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. O. (Eds.) (1989). Life events and illness. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • Bruch, M. A., Rivet, K. M., & Laurenti, H. J. (2000). Type of self-discrepancy and relationships to components of the tripartite model of emotional distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 31-44.
  • Cederblad, M., Dahlin, L., Hagnell, O., & Hansson, K. (1995). Coping with life span crises in a group at risk of mental and behavioral disorders: from the Lundby study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 91(5), 322-330.
  • Clark, A. E., Diener, E., Georgellis, Y, & Lucas, R. E. (2008). Lags and leads in life satisfaction: A test of the baseline hypothesis. The Economic Journal, 118(529), F222¥-F243.
  • Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., & Katz, M. (2006). Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(3), 53-69.
  • Cloninger, C. R., & Zohar, A. H. (2011). Personality and the perception of health and happiness. Journal of Affective Disorders, 128(1),24-32.
  • Coan, D. L., Schrager, W., & Packer, T. (2005). The role of male sexual partners in HIV infection among male-to-female trans gendered individuals. International Journal of Transgenderism, 8(2-3), 21-30.
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, .27(8), 930-942.
  • Diener, E. D., Scollon, C, & Lucas, R. E. (2003). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology, 15, 187-219.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E.,&Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24,25-41.
  • Eaton, W.W., & Harrison, G. (1996). Prevention priorities. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 9, 141-143.
  • Emmons, R A., & Diener, E. (1985). Personality correlate of subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, 89-97.
  • Failde, I., & Ramos, I. (2000). Validity and reliability of the SF-36 health survey questionnaire in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology', 53(4), 359-365.
  • Failde, I., Ramos, I., & Fernandez-Palacin, F. (2000). Comparison between the GHQ-28 and SF-36 (MH 15) for the assessment of the mental health in patients with ischaemic heart disease. European Journal of Epidemiology, 1 (5(4), 311-316.
  • George, L. K. (1981). Subjective well-being: Conceptual and methodological issues. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2, 345- 3 82.
  • Gibson, D. M. (1986). Interaction and well-being: Is it quantity or quality that counts? International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 24, 29-40.
  • Goldberg, D. (1978). Manual of 'thegeneral health questionnaire. Nfer Nelson.
  • Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V F (1979). A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9(1), 139-145.
  • Grossman, A. H., DAugelli, A. R., Howell, T. I, &Hubbard, S. (2005). Parent' reactions to transgender youth' gender nonconforming expression and identity. Journal of Gay and Lesbian SocialServices, 15(1), 3-16.
  • HEA(1997). Mental health promotion: A quality framework. London, Health Education Authority.
  • Heidrich, S. M., Forsthoff, C. A., & Ward, S. E. (1994). Adjustment to cancer: The self as mediator. Health Psychology, 13, 346-353.
  • Heidrich, S. M., & Powwattana, A. (2004). Self-discrepancy and mental health in older women with chronic illnesses. Journal of Adult Development, 11, 251-259.
  • Heidrich, S. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1993a). Physical andmental health in later life: The self-system as mediator. Psychology and Aging, 8, 327-338.
  • Heidrich, S. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1993b). The role of social comparison processes in the psychological adaptation of elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 48,127-136.
  • Hosman, C, & Jane-Llopis, E. (2005). Evidence of effective interventions of mental health promotion. In H. Herrman, S. Saxena, and R Moodie (Eds.), Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. Geneva, World Health Organization.
  • Josefsson, K., Cloninger, C. R., Hintsanen, M., Jokela, M., Pulkki-Raback, L., & Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (2011). Associations of personality profiles with various aspects of well-being: A population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133(l),265-273.
  • Kenagy, G. P., & Bostwick, W. B. (2005). Health and social service needs of transgender people in Chicago. International Journal of Transgenderism, 8(2-3), 57-66.
  • Kendler, K. S., & Karkowski-Shuman, L. (1997). Stressful life events and genetic liability to major depression: Genetic control of exposure to the environment? Psychological Medicine, 27(3), 539-547.
  • Kim, K. J., Conger, R. D., Elder, Jr.G. H., & Lorenz, F. O. (2003). Reciprocal influences between stressful life events and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. Child Development, 74(1), 127-143.
  • Kousha, M., & Mohseni, N. (2000). Are Iranians happy? A comparative study between Iran andtheUnitedStates. Social Indicators ResearcL 52(3), 259-289.
  • Lahtinen, E. etal. (1999). Framework for promoting mental health in Europe. Helsinki. National Research and Development Centre for Welfare andHealth (STAKES).
  • Law, K. S., Wong, C. S., & Song, L. J. (2004). The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483.
  • Luhmann, M., Hofmann, W., Eid, M., & Lucas, R. E. (2012). Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(3), 592.
  • Marmot, M., & Wilkinson, R (Eds.) (1999). The social determinants of health. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
  • McDowell, I. (2010). Measures of self-perceived well-being. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(1), 69-79.
  • Melendez, J. C, Tomas, J. M., Oliver, A., & Navaro, E. (2009). Psychological and physical dimensions explaining life satisfaction among the elderly: A structural model examination. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 48, 291-295.
  • Nemoto, T, Operario, D., Keatley, J., Nguyen, H., & Sugano, E. (2005). Promoting health for transgender women: Transgender resources and neighborhood space (TRANS) program in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 382-384.
  • Ojha, H. (2015). Manual for Life Satisfaction Scale. National psychological corporation, Agra.
  • Ozer, M. A. (2000). Study on the life satisfaction of elderly individuals living in family environment and nursing homes. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 7, 33-36.
  • Patel, V, & Kleinman, A. (2003). Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bulletin of'the World Health Organization, 81, 609-615.
  • Petrocelli, J. V, & Smith, E.R. (2005). Who I am, who we are, and why: Links between emotions and casual attributions for self- and group discrepancies. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 31, 1628-1642.
  • Phillips, A. G., & Silvia, P. J. (2005). Self-awareness and the emotional consequences of self-discrepancies. Personality andSocialPsychology Bulletin, 31, 703-713.
  • Puvill-Strooband, T J. (2017). Maintaining life satisfaction at old age in spite of physical decline. Doctoral dissertation.
  • Risser, J. M., Shelton, A., McCurdy, S., Atkinson, J., Padgett, P., Useche, B., & Williams, M. (2005). Sex, drugs, violence, and HIV status among male-to-female transgender persons in Houston, Texas. International Journal of Transgenderism, 8(2-3), 67-74
  • Robinson, R G., & Price, T. R. (1982). Post-stroke depressive disorders: A follow-up study of 103 patients. Stroke, 13(5), 635-641.
  • Rodriguez-Madera, S., & Toro-Alfonso, J. (2005). Gender as an obstacle in HIV/AIDS prevention: Considerations for the development of HIV/ AIDS prevention efforts for male-to- female transgenders. International Journal of Trans gender ism, 8(2-3), 113-122.
  • Rosenthal, S. A., & Hooley, J. M. (2010). Narcissism assessment in social-personality research: Does the association between narcissism and psychological health result from a confound with self-esteem? Journal of Research in Personality, 44(4), 453- 465.
  • Sakakibara, B. M., Miller, W. C, Orenczuk, S. G., & Wolfe, D. L. (2009). A systematic review of depression and anxiety measures used with individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 47(12), 841.
  • Sam, D. L. (2001). Satisfaction with life among international students: An exploratory study. Social Indicators Research, 53(3), 315-337.
  • Sperber, J., Landers, S.,& Lawrence, S. (2005). Access to health care for transgendered persons: Results of a needs assessment in Boston. International Journal of Transgenderism, 8(2-3), 75-91.
  • Sterling, M. (2011). General health questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). Journal of Physiotherapy, 57(4), 259.
  • Tamini, B. K., & Far, M. A. M. (2009). Mental health and life satisfaction of Irani and Indian students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 35(1), 137- 141.
  • Timmins, L., Rimes, K. A., & Rahman, Q. (2017). Minority stressors and psychological distress in transgender individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(3), 328.
  • Willits, F. K., & Crider, D. M. (1988). Religion, race and psychological well-being. Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, 23, 351-362.
  • Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Kashdan, T. B., & Hurling, R. (2011). Using personal and psychological strengths leads to increases in well-being over time: A longitudinal study and the development of the strengths use questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), 15-19.
  • Xavier, J. M., Bobbin, M., Singer, B., & Budd, E. (2005). A needs assessment of transgendered people of color living in Washington, DC. International Journal of Transgenderism, 8(2-3), 31-47.

Abstract Views: 275

PDF Views: 0




  • Mental Health and Life Satisfaction:A Comparative Study between Female and hijras (Transgender)

Abstract Views: 275  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Ramesh Kumar
Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
Rakesh Kumar Behamani
Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India

Abstract


The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship and gender differences on mental health, and life satisfaction. Two hundred adults (100 females, 100 transgender) completed measures of general health questionnaire-28 and life satisfaction scale. Low level of life satisfaction accompanied by general health scores that reflect social and personal psychopathology, with transgender and women scoring higher in somatic, anxiety, social dysfunctions, and severe depression. Life satisfaction significantly negatively correlated with general health (somatic, anxiety, social dysfunctions, & severe depression). The findings reveal that female's mental health and life satisfaction better than transgender. Mental health of transgender people were significantly poor than females on somatic, anxiety and severe depression, social dysfunctions (general health).

Keywords


Hijras (Transgender), Mental Health, Life Satisfaction.

References