IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

A Comparison of Abstinent and Relapsed Opioid Dependents on Hardiness


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Sector-10, Chandigarh, India
2 Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The present study was an attempt to find out the difference between abstinent and relapsed opioid dependents on Hardiness. The sample of the study consisted of 200 male opioid dependents, out of which 100 were abstinent and 100 were relapsed opioid dependents selected randomly from the Govt and Private Rehabilitation Centres of Punjab. Hardiness Scale (Kobasa & Kahn, 1982) was used to collect the data. Means, Standard Deviations and t-ratios were calculated to determine the differences between two groups. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference between the two groups on hardiness, with the abstinent group scoring higher on hardiness, in comparison to the relapsed group. The findings clearly reveal that to increase abstinence among the opioid dependants, the treatment and rehabilitation services should focus on enhancing commitment among the drug addicts.

Keywords

Hardiness, Abstinent, Opioid Dependent, Male.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Abdollahi, A., & Talib, M. A. (2014). Hardiness and problem-solving skills as preventive factors against smoking among adolescents. Asian Social Science, 70(8), 165.

  • Annis, H. M., & Davis, C. S. (1991). Relapse prevention. Alcohol Health and Research World, 75,204-212.

  • Bartone, P.T. (2006). Resilience under military operational stress: Can leaders influence hardiness? Military Psychology, 18,131-148.

  • Broers, B.,Giner, F., Dumont, P., & Mino, A. (2000). In-patient opiate detoxification in Geneva: follow-up at 1 and 6 months. Drug Ale Depend, 58, 85-92.

  • Cami, J., & Farre, M. (2003). Drug addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(10), 975-986.

  • Commander, J.E., John, I.B., Sigurd, W.H., & Paul, T.B. (2012). Evaluation of psychological hardiness and coping style as risk/resilience factors for health risk behaviour. NATO.

  • Corrigan, D., & O'Gorman, A. ( 2008 ) Report of the HSE working group on residential treatment & rehabilitation (substance users). Dublin: Health Service Executive.

  • Cowdrey, FA., & Walters, S. L. (2013). SalvatoreR. Maddi: Hardiness, turning stressful circumstances into resilient growth. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 8(2), 265- 267.

  • Dohrenwend, B. S., &Dohrenwend, B. P. (1981). Stressful life events and their contexts. NewYork:Prodist, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

  • Dohrenwend, B. S., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (Eds.) (1974). Stressful life events: Their nature and effects. New York: Wiley.

  • Eid, J., Larsson, G., Johnsen, B. H., Laberg, J. C, Bartone, P. T, & Carlstedt, B. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Norwegian Impact of Event Scale-revised in a non-clinical sample. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(5), 426-432.

  • Gentry, W. D., & Kobasa, S. C. (1984). Social and psychological resources mediating stress illness relationships in humans. In W D. Gentry (Ed.), Handbook of 'behavioral medicine(pp. 87-116). New York: Guilford Press.

  • Gossop, M, Green, L., Phillips, G, & Bradley, B. R E. N. D. A. N. (1989). Lapse, relapse and survival among opiate addicts after treatment. A prospective follow-up study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 154(3), 348-353.

  • Gossop, M., Stewart, D., Browne, N., & Marsden, J. (2002). Factors associated with abstinence, lapse or relapse to heroin use after residential treatment: Protective effect of coping responses. Addiction, 97(10), 1259-1267.

  • Hystad, S. W, Eid, J, Johnsen, B. H, Laberg, J. C, & Thomas Bartone, P. (2010). Psychometric properties of the revised Norwegian dispositional resilience (hardiness) scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(3), 237-245.

  • Justinova, Z., Panlilio, L. V., & Goldberg, S. R (2009). Drug addiction. Behavioral Neurobiology of the Endocannabinoid System.

  • Khajedaluee, M., Dadgar, & Moghadam, M. (2013). Maternal substance abuse and the child's addiction during adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology andInfertility, 16(52), 17.

  • Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality andSocialPsychology, 37(1), 1.

  • Kobasa, S. C, Maddi, S. R, & Kahn, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: A prospective study. Journal of Personality andSocialPsychology, 42(1), 168.

  • Li, Z. H, Liu, Y.F., Li, K. N., Duan, Mu, H. Z, Chang, Z. Q, Li, Z. Q, Zhang, Sh, Z, & Xu, Y (2012). Analysis of functional and pathway association of differential co-expressed genes: A case study in drug addiction. Journal of BiomedicalInformatics, 45,30-36.

  • Maddi, S. R. (1994). The Hardiness Enhancing Lifestyle Program (HELP) for improving physical, mental, and social wellness. In C. Hopper (Ed.), Wellness lecture series (pp.1 -16). Oakland: University of California/HealthNet.

  • Maddi, S. R. (2002). The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing, research, and practice. Consulting PsychologyJournal: Practice andResearch, 54(3), 173.

  • Maddi, S. R. (2004). Hardiness: An operationalization of existential courage. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 44(3), 279-298.

  • Maddi, S. R,& Kobasa, S. C. (1984). hardy executive. Dow Jones-Irwin.

  • Maddi, S. R, Wadhwa, P., & Haier, R J. (1996). Relationship of hardiness to alcohol and drug use in adolescents. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 22(2), 247-257.

  • Maddi, S., & Harvey, R (2006). Hardiness considered across cultures. In PT.P Wong and L.C.J. Wong (Eds.), Handbook of multi cultural perspectives on stress and coping (pp. 409-426). New York: Springer

  • Majer, J. M., Jason, L. A., Ferrari, J. R, Venable, L. B., & Olson, B. D. (2002). Social support and self-efficacy for abstinence: Is peer identification an issue? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23(3), 209-215.

  • Marlatt, G. A., & Gordon, J. R (1985). Relapse prevention: A self-control strategy for the maintenance of behavior change. In G. A. Marlatt and J. R Gordon (Eds.). Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors (lsted, pp. 85-101). New York: Guilford Press.

  • McKeganey, N. (2007). The challenge to UK drug policy. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 14(6), 559-571.

  • Mollazade, Esfanjani, R., Kafi, M., & Salehi, I. (2011). Comparison of hardiness and coping styles with stress in addicts and normal people. Journal of Substance Abuse Addiction Studies, 17,57-41.

  • Nabiei, A., Karamafrooz, M. J., & Afsharnia, K. (2014). The comparison of emotional intelligence and hardiness in addicts and non-addicts. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(1), 196-204.

  • Nestler, E. J. (2001). Molecular basis of long-term plasticity underlying addiction. Nature reviewsNeuroscience, 2(2), 119-128.

  • Orr, E., & Westman, M. (1990). Does hardiness moderate stress, and how? A review. In M. Rosenbaum (Ed.), Learned resourcefulness: On coping skills, self-control, and adaptive behavior (pp. 64-94). New York: Springer

  • Pilling, S., Strang, J., & Gerada, C. (2007). Nice guidelines: Psychosocial interventions and opioid detoxification for drug misuse: Summary of NICE guidance. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 335(7612), 203.

  • Rabkin, J. G., & Struening, E. L. (1976). Life events, stress, and illness. Science, 194(4269), 1013-1020.

  • Rezaei, A., Islami, B., & Mehdipour, K. (2014) The role of the family on the attitude of the youth for addiction in Varamm. Sociology and Youth Studies, 5(15), 27-50.

  • Rosenbaum, M. E. (1990). Learned resourcefulness: On coping skills, self-control, and adaptive behavior. Springer Publishing Co.

  • Rychtarik, R G., Prue, D. M., Rapp, S. R, & King, A. C. (1992). Self-efficacy, aftercare and relapse in a treatment program for alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53, 435-440.

  • Sapolsky, R M. (1994). Why zebras don't get ulcers. New York: WH Freeman.

  • Sinclair, R. R., & Tetrick, L. E. (2000). Implications of item wording for hardiness structure, relation with neuroticism, and stress buffering. Journal of Research in Personality, 34(1), 1-25.

  • Spiridon, K., & Karagiannopoulou, E. (2012). Conceptualizing students academic hardiness dimensions a qualitative study. Doctoral dissertation, Master's thesis. Available from 10.1007/sl0212-012-0141-6.

  • Strack, S., Carver, C. S., & Blaney, P. H. (1987). Predicting successful completion of an aftercare program following treatment for alcoholism: The role of dispositional optimism. Journal of Personality andSocialPsychology, 53,579-584.

  • Strang, J., McCambridge, J., Best, D., Beswick, T, Beam, J., Rees, S., & Gossop, M. (2003). Loss of tolerance and overdose mortality after inpatient opiate detoxification: Followup study. BMJ: Medical Journal, 326(7396), 959-960.

  • Subramanian, S., & Vinothkumar, M. (2009). Hardiness personality, self-esteem and occupational stress among it professionals. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 35,48-56.

  • Tarkhan,M., Safdari, S.,Fallah, S., Paknahad, Z., Rezaei, A., Nezamiv, S., Bazleh,N.; & Sargolzaei, M. (2012). The effect of hardiness training of self-esteem and social adjustment among addicted men in Rudsar of Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 2(3), 94-99.

  • Ursin, H., & Eriksen, H. R. (2004). The cognitive activation theory of stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(5), 567-592.

  • White, J. M., Wampler, R S., & Fischer, J. L. (2001). Indicators of spiritual development in recovery from alcohol and other drug problems. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 79(1), 19-35.

  • Wiebe, D. J., & McCallum, D. M. (1986). Health practices and hardiness as mediators in the stress-illness relationship. Health Psychology, 5(5), 425.

  • Williams, P. G., Wiebe, D. J., & Smith, T W. (1992). Coping processes as mediators of the relationship between hardiness and health. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 75(3), 237-255.

  • Zadeh, M. N. (2017). Comparison of extent of psychological hardiness and moral intelligence among individuals quitted addiction and individuals with addiction relapse and examination of effect of gender roles on these variables. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 19-26.


Abstract Views: 431

PDF Views: 0




  • A Comparison of Abstinent and Relapsed Opioid Dependents on Hardiness

Abstract Views: 431  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Shruti Shourie
Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Sector-10, Chandigarh, India
Lakhminder Singh
Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

Abstract


The present study was an attempt to find out the difference between abstinent and relapsed opioid dependents on Hardiness. The sample of the study consisted of 200 male opioid dependents, out of which 100 were abstinent and 100 were relapsed opioid dependents selected randomly from the Govt and Private Rehabilitation Centres of Punjab. Hardiness Scale (Kobasa & Kahn, 1982) was used to collect the data. Means, Standard Deviations and t-ratios were calculated to determine the differences between two groups. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference between the two groups on hardiness, with the abstinent group scoring higher on hardiness, in comparison to the relapsed group. The findings clearly reveal that to increase abstinence among the opioid dependants, the treatment and rehabilitation services should focus on enhancing commitment among the drug addicts.

Keywords


Hardiness, Abstinent, Opioid Dependent, Male.

References