Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Recognising Resilience and Post-traumatic Growth in Adverse Situations: A Critical Literature Review


Affiliations
1 M.Sc. Student, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra, India
2 Teaching Faculty, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


With the help of this review paper, we aimed to expand upon the existing research on resilience and post-traumatic growth in the context of environments of occupations, war, and war-like situations, and across cultures. Previous research on PTG and resilience was limited, hence there is a need to understand the impact of resilience and the importance of PTG. The review is a detailed study of PTG and resilience across domains and how it is different within and between different populations. It is found to be true that in war or war-like situations as well as among different occupations that high levels of resilience were associated with the lowest posttraumatic growth. However, it also depends on individual differences, perceived social support, and the longevity of exposure to the traumatic event. Cultural factors are linked with resilience and PTG which helps to deal with traumatic situations.

Keywords

Resilience, Post-traumatic Growth, War, Occupation, Culture.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Agaibi, C. E., & Wilson, J. P. (2005, July). Trauma, PTSD, and resilience: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 6(3), 195-216.
  • Bhat, R. M., & Rangaiah, B. (2015, January 19). The impact of conflict exposure and social support on posttraumatic growth among the young adults in Kashmir. Cogent Psychology, 2(1), 1000077.
  • Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20-28.
  • Boyden, J., & Mann, G. (2005, May). Children's risk, resilience, and coping in extreme situations. In M. Ungar (Ed.), Handbook for working with children and youth: Pathways to resilience across cultures and contexts. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Cao, F., Cao, D., Li, Y., & Liu, J. (2015). Nursing students' post-traumatic growth, emotional intelligence and psychological resilience. Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, 22, 326-332.
  • Calhoun, L.G., & Tedeschi, R.G. (Eds.) (1999). Facilitating posttraumatic growth: A clinician's guide (1st ed.). Routledge.
  • Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2001). Posttraumatic growth: The positive lessons of loss. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction the experience of loss (pp. 157-172). Published By: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
  • Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2010, April 9). Beyond recovery from trauma: Implications for clinical practice and research. Journal of Social Issues, 54(2), 357- 371.
  • Chan, K. J., Young, M. Y., & Sharif, N. (2016, November). Well-being after trauma: A review of posttraumatic growth among refugees. Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie Canadienne, 57(4), 291-299.
  • Collier, L. (2016, November). Growth after trauma. American Psychological Association.
  • Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003, September). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
  • Doorn, K. A., Bekes, V., Luo, X., Prout, T. A., & Hoffman, L. (2022). Therapists' resilience and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychological Association, 14(1), S165-S173.
  • Elam, T., & Taku, K. (2022, March 28). Differences between posttraumatic growth and resiliency: Their distinctive relationships with empathy and emotion recognition ability. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
  • Finstad, G. L., Giorgi, G., Lulli, L. G., Pandolfi, C., Foti, G., León-Perez, J. M., Cantero- Sanchez, F. J., & Mucci, N. (2021, September 8). Resilience, coping strategies and posttraumatic growth in the workplace following COVID-19: A narrative review on the positive aspects of trauma. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9453.
  • Forgeard, M. J. C. (2013, August). Perceiving benefits after adversity: The relationship between self-reported posttraumatic growth and creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7(3), 245-264.
  • Gignon, M., Verheye, J. C., Manaouil, C., Ammirati, C., Turban-Castel, E., & Ganry, O. (2014, June 1). Fighting violence against health workers: A way to improve quality of care? Workplace Health Safety, 62(6), 220-222.
  • Glantz, Johnson, J. L., & ProQuest (1999). Resilience and development positive life adaptations (1st ed. 2002). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • Infurna, F. J., & Jayawickreme, E. (2019, March 18). Fixing the growth illusion: New directions for research in resilience and posttraumatic growth. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(2), 152-158.
  • Itzhaki, M., Bluvstein, I., Peles Bortz, A., Kostistky, H., Bar Noy, D., Filshtinsky, V., & Theilla, M. (2018, February 27). Mental health nurse's exposure to workplace violence leads to job stress, which leads to reduced professional quality of life. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00059
  • Itzhaki, M., Peles-Bortz, A., Kostistky, H., Barnoy, D., Filshtinsky, V., & Bluvstein, I. (2015). Exposure of mental health nurses to violence associated with job stress, life satisfaction, staff resilience and post-traumatic growth. Internal Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 24, 403-412.
  • Jayasuriya, D. (2014). Influence of posttraumatic growth on mental health and wellbeing across respondents severely affected by war in post-conflict Sri Lanka. Social Indicators Research, 119(1), 265-280.
  • Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2005). Positive adjustment to threatening events: An organismic valuing. Review of General Psychology, 9, 262-280.
  • Kobylarczyk, M., & Oginska-Bulik, N. (2016). Association between resiliency and post-truamtic growth in firefighters: the role of stress appraisal. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 22(10), 40-48.
  • Kwak, M., & Bae, J. (2017). Post-traumtic growth and related factors in firefighters. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 26(2), 124.
  • Kumpfer, K. L. (1999, May 1). Outcome measures of interventions in the study of children of substance-abusing parents. Pediatrics, 103(Supplement_2), 1128-1128.
  • Laufer, A., & Solomon, Z. (2006, April). Posttraumatic symptoms and posttraumatic growth among israeli youth exposed to terror incidents. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(4), 429-447.
  • Laceulle, O. M., Kleber, R. J., & Alisic, E. (2015). Children's experience of posttraumatic growth: Distinguishing general from domain-specific correlates. PLoS ONE, 10(12), e0145736.
  • Lehman, D. R., Davis, C. G., Delongis, A., Wortman, C. B., Bluck, S., Mandel, D. R., & Ellard, J. H. (1993, March). Positive and negative life changes following bereavement and their relations to adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 90-112.
  • Levine, S. Z., Laufer, A., Stein, E., Raz, Y. H., & Solomon, Z. (2009, August). Examining the relationship between resilience and post-traumatic growth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 282-286.
  • Li, Y., Cao, F., Cao, D., & Liu, J. (2014, December 18). Nursing students' post-traumatic growth, emotional intelligence and psychological resilience. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(5), 326-332.
  • Tuck, D., & Patlamazoglou, L. (2019). The relationship between traumatic stress, emotional intelligence and posttraumatic growth. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 1-15. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1995). Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Liu, A. N., Wang, L. L., Li, H. P., Gong, J., & Liu, X. H. (2017, May). Correlation between posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms based on pearson correlation coefficient. Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease, 205(5), 380-389.
  • Luo, C., Santos-Malave, G., Taku, K., Katz, C., & Yanagisawa, R. (2022, February 24). Post-traumatic growth and resilience among american medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatric Quarterly, 93(2), 599-612.
  • Luthar, S. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for intervention and social policy. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 857-885.
  • Mahdi, H. K., Prihadi, K., & Hashim, S. (2014). Posttraumatic growth and resilience after a prolonged war: A study in Baghdad, Iraq. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 3(3), 197-204.
  • Maung, J., Nilsson, J. E., Jeevanba, S. B., Molitoris, A., Raziuddin, A., & Soheilian, S. S. (2021, January 7). Burmese refugee women in the Midwest: Narratives of resilience and posttraumatic growth. The Counseling Psychologist, 49(2), 269-304.
  • Mcdonald, G., Jackson, D., Wilkes, L., & Vickers, M. (2013). Personal resilience in nurses and midwives: Effects of a work-based educational intervention. Contemporary Nurse, 45(1), 134-143.
  • Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. American Psychologist, 58(1), 36-52.
  • Raghavan, S. S., & Sandanapitchai, P. (2019, February 5). Cultural predictors of resilience in a multinational sample of trauma survivors. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 131. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00131
  • Richardson, G. E., Neiger, B. L., Jensen, S., & Kumpfer, K. L. (1990, December). The resiliency model. Health Education, 21(6), 33-39.
  • Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14-23.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1995). Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004, January). Target article: Post-traumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18.
  • Tuck, D., & Patlamazoglou, L. (2019). The relationship between traumatic stress, emotional intelligence and posttraumatic growth. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 1-15.
  • Ungar, M. (2004, March). A constructionist discourse on resilience. Youth Society, 35(3), 341-365.
  • Ungar, M., Clark, S. E., Kwong, W. M., Makhnach, A., & Cameron, C. A. (2005, June 2). Studying resilience across cultures. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(34), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1300/j051v14n03_01
  • Ungar, M. (2006). Nurturing hidden resilience in at-risk youth in different cultures. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie Canadienne de Psychiatrie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, 15(2), 53-58.
  • Ungar, M. (2008). Resilience across cultures. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 218- 235. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl343
  • van Dierendonck, D. (2004, February). The construct validity of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 629-643. Https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191- 8869(03)00122-3
  • Vazquez, C., Valiente, C., Garcia, F. E., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., Trucharte, A., & Bentall, R. P. (2021, January 11). Post-traumatic growth and stress-related responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national representative sample: The role of positive core beliefs about the world and others. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(7), 2915-2935.
  • Vazquez, C., Perez-Sales, P., Ochoa, C. (2014). Posttraumatic growth: Challenges from a cross-cultural viewpoint. In G. Fava and C. Ruini (Eds.), Increasing psychological well-being in clinical and educational settings: Cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology (Vol . 8). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Vyas, M. (2021, March). A systematic review exploring a 'culturally appropriate' model of resilience based on resilience research done in India. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.15614/ijpp%2F2021%2Fv12i1%2F208977
  • Wong, P. T., & Weiner, B. (1981, April). When people ask 'why' questions, and the heuristics of attributional search. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(4), 650-663.
  • Yalom, I. D., & Lieberman, M. A. (1991, November). Bereavement and heightened existential awareness. Psychiatry, 54(4), 334-345.
  • Zoellner, T., & Maercker, A. (2006, September). Posttraumatic growth in clinical psychology A critical review and introduction of a two-component model. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(5), 626-653.

Abstract Views: 183

PDF Views: 0




  • Recognising Resilience and Post-traumatic Growth in Adverse Situations: A Critical Literature Review

Abstract Views: 183  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Pankti Galia
M.Sc. Student, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra, India
Shrinidhi Karole
M.Sc. Student, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra, India
Renuka Kavishwar
M.Sc. Student, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra, India
Vainavi Kumta
M.Sc. Student, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra, India
Mahimna Vyas
Teaching Faculty, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra, India

Abstract


With the help of this review paper, we aimed to expand upon the existing research on resilience and post-traumatic growth in the context of environments of occupations, war, and war-like situations, and across cultures. Previous research on PTG and resilience was limited, hence there is a need to understand the impact of resilience and the importance of PTG. The review is a detailed study of PTG and resilience across domains and how it is different within and between different populations. It is found to be true that in war or war-like situations as well as among different occupations that high levels of resilience were associated with the lowest posttraumatic growth. However, it also depends on individual differences, perceived social support, and the longevity of exposure to the traumatic event. Cultural factors are linked with resilience and PTG which helps to deal with traumatic situations.

Keywords


Resilience, Post-traumatic Growth, War, Occupation, Culture.

References