International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

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Adaptive Power Transmission and Efficient Energy Scheme of DSR Protocol (APEE-DSR)


Affiliations
1 Computers and Systems Department, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2 Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
 

Mobile ad hoc network, MANET, is a group of several nodes connected in dispersed way to enabling wireless communications. All nodes being moveable and are dynamically connected in a random way. MANETs can be used in many applications such as military battles, WSN, in areas where it is difficult to build wired network. Due to dynamic topology of MANET, restricted battery power, and limited capacity of wireless channels, it becomes design of routing mechanism is one of the master affronts in MANET. MANET routing protocols could be categorized into two classes: table-driven (e.g. DSDV) and on demand routing (e.g. AODV and DSR), many studies prove that reactive routing protocols are outperform proactive protocols. Therefore, this article concerned with performance enhancement of DSR which is the most famous reactive routing protocols. Standard DSR is multi hop in its nature where route selection between any two communicating nodes is only based on minimum hop count as a metric, regardless another metrics such as energy of nodes, traffic load on nodes and power transmission of packets which may have negative effects on performance of the standard DSR. This paper presents new version of standard DSR, called (APEE-DSR), through modification of both route discovery phase and route maintenance phase, in such a way that minimize energy consumption of nodes and realization of balanced traffic load of nodes, in addition to adaptation of transmission power of exchanged data packets among communicating nodes, resulting in prolong life time of nodes, thence increase life time of the routes and relative stability of network. In proposed scheme, route choice depending on two combined metrics: energy of nodes and their traffic load. Moreover, transmission power of packets among nodes through the selected route will be adaptive. Performance assessment and comparison between suggested schema (APEE-DSR) and standard DSR has been carried out utilizing simulation gadget NS2. Simulation results proved that performance of proposed protocol better than original DSR with respect to: successful packet delivery percentage, total delay time, normalized overhead, and nodes energy consumption.


Keywords

MANET, DSR, APEE-DSR, RREQ, RREP, NEF, REF, ATP.
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  • Adaptive Power Transmission and Efficient Energy Scheme of DSR Protocol (APEE-DSR)

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Authors

Kadry Sayed Mohamed
Computers and Systems Department, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Sayed Abd El Hady Nouh
Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Abdelhady M. Naguib
Computers and Systems Department, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract


Mobile ad hoc network, MANET, is a group of several nodes connected in dispersed way to enabling wireless communications. All nodes being moveable and are dynamically connected in a random way. MANETs can be used in many applications such as military battles, WSN, in areas where it is difficult to build wired network. Due to dynamic topology of MANET, restricted battery power, and limited capacity of wireless channels, it becomes design of routing mechanism is one of the master affronts in MANET. MANET routing protocols could be categorized into two classes: table-driven (e.g. DSDV) and on demand routing (e.g. AODV and DSR), many studies prove that reactive routing protocols are outperform proactive protocols. Therefore, this article concerned with performance enhancement of DSR which is the most famous reactive routing protocols. Standard DSR is multi hop in its nature where route selection between any two communicating nodes is only based on minimum hop count as a metric, regardless another metrics such as energy of nodes, traffic load on nodes and power transmission of packets which may have negative effects on performance of the standard DSR. This paper presents new version of standard DSR, called (APEE-DSR), through modification of both route discovery phase and route maintenance phase, in such a way that minimize energy consumption of nodes and realization of balanced traffic load of nodes, in addition to adaptation of transmission power of exchanged data packets among communicating nodes, resulting in prolong life time of nodes, thence increase life time of the routes and relative stability of network. In proposed scheme, route choice depending on two combined metrics: energy of nodes and their traffic load. Moreover, transmission power of packets among nodes through the selected route will be adaptive. Performance assessment and comparison between suggested schema (APEE-DSR) and standard DSR has been carried out utilizing simulation gadget NS2. Simulation results proved that performance of proposed protocol better than original DSR with respect to: successful packet delivery percentage, total delay time, normalized overhead, and nodes energy consumption.


Keywords


MANET, DSR, APEE-DSR, RREQ, RREP, NEF, REF, ATP.

References