International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

5G Network: techniques to Increase Quality of Service and Quality of Experience


Affiliations
1 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, AlBaha University, AlBaha, Saudi Arabia
 

The rapid growth of interconnected networks and devices inevitably causes the rise of traffic demand and thus pushes the technologies like long-term evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) and mobile multihop relay WiMAX networks technology to move into the fifth-generation (5G). The 5G network was envisioned to be built to encounter the fundamental challenges of quality of services in existing networks, such as allowing higher data rates, enhanced end-user quality of experience, reduced end-to-end latency, lower energy consumption, and higher traffic capacity. In order to satisfy and achieve the vision of the 5G network, extensive debates are in progress about the numerous techniques to be adapted. The objective of this study is to analyze various techniques for 5G networks to achieve the high enhance Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) for users. Moreover, this paper also discussed several combinations of techniques for the upcoming 5G network, such as mmWave with Massive MIMO, D2D with SDN, D2D with mmWave, and D2D with Machine-to-machine communication and NFV and SDN hybrid. This study will be a significant endeavor in choosing possible techniques for 5G networks and further investigating various combinations of such techniques for future works. To make suitable techniques for the emerging 5G network, guidelines and challenges are highlighted to modify the existing techniques.

Keywords

5G, Quality of Experience, Quality of Service, Multi-Tier Architecture, Software-Defined Networking, Heterogeneous Networks.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • S. Hashima, K. Hatano, H. Kasban,& E. Mahmoud Mohamed, (2021). Wi-Fi assisted contextual multi-armed bandit for neighbor discovery and selection in millimeter wave device to device communications. Sensors, 21(8), 2835.

  • S. Amanuel, & A. Ameen, (2021). Device-to-device communication for 5G security: a review. Journal of Information Technology and Informatics, 1(1), 26-31.

  • G. Noh, H. Chung, & I. Kim, (2020). Mobile relay technology for 5G. IEEE Wireless Communications, 27(3), 6-7.

  • A, S, Khan. (2014). "Secure and efficient distributed relay-based rekeying algorithm for group communication in mobile multihop relay network." International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security 6(3): 189-199.

  • S. Khan, J. Abdullah, N. Khan, A. Julahi, & S. Tarmizi, (2017). Quantum-elliptic curve cryptography for multihop communication in 5G networks. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS), 17(5), 357-365.

  • A. S. Khan, Y., Javed, R. Saqib, Z. Ahmad, J. Abdullah, K. Zen, & N. A. Khan, (2022). Lightweight Multifactor Authentication Scheme for NextGen Cellular Networks. IEEE Access, 10, 31273-31288.

  • N. A. Khan, (2022). PKI-Based Security Enhancement for IoT in 5G Networks. In Inventive Computation and Information Technologies (pp. 217-225). Springer, Singapore.

  • Othman, W., Fuyou, M., Xue, K., & Hawbani, A. (2021). Physically secure lightweight and privacy-preserving message authentication protocol for VANET in smart city. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(12), 12902-12917.

  • R. Sharma, & R. Arya, (2021). A secure authentication technique for connecting different IoT devices in the smart city infrastructure. Cluster Computing, 1-17.

  • Y. Hao, (2021). Investigation and Technological Comparison of 4G and 5G Networks. Journal of Computer and Communications, 9, 36-43.

  • S. Painuly, S. Sharma, & P. Matta, (2021). Future trends and challenges in next generation smart application of 5G-IoT. In 2021 5th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) (pp. 354-357). IEEE.

  • N. Piovesan, A. Domenico, D. López-Pérez, H. Bao, G. Xinli, W. Xie, & M. Debbah, (2021). Mobile Traffic Forecasting for Green 5G Networks. In 2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

  • R. Sood and A. Garg, "Digital Society from 1G to 5G: A Comparative Study," International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 186-193, 2014.

  • A. Dolgui, & D. Ivanov, (2022). 5G in Digital supply chain and operations management: Fostering flexibility, end-to-end connectivity and real-time visibility through internet-of-everything. International Journal of Production Research, 60(2), 442-451.

  • M. Wang, & Y. Hao, Y. (2021,). Key technologies of green communication for 5G mobile network. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Electronic Technology, Communication and Information (ICETCI) (pp. 101-104). IEEE.

  • L. Rao, M. Pant, L. Malviya, A. Parmar, & S. Charhate, (2021). 5G beamforming techniques for the coverage of intended directions in modern wireless communication: in-depth review. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 13(10), 1039-1062.

  • B. A, A. Osseiran and E. , "Mobile and Wireless Communications Enablers for the 2020 Information Society," FP7 ICT Objective 1.1 Future Networks, pp. 1-2, 2013.

  • Chettri, L., Bera, R., & Barauh, J. K. (2021). Performance Analysis of 3GPP NB-IoT Downlink System towards 5G Machine Type Communication (5G-MTC). J. Commun., 16(8), 355-362

  • A. Gupta and R. K. Jha, "A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies," IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 1206-1232, 2015.

  • T. Taleb, A. Ksentini and A. Kobbane, "Lightweight mobile core networks for machine type communications," IEEE Access, vol. 2, pp. 1128-1137, 2014.

  • El-Shorbagy, A. M. (2021). 5G Technology and the Future of Architecture. Procedia Computer Science, 182, 121-131.

  • P. Zhouyue and F. Khan, "An Introduction to Millimeter-Wave Mobile Broadband Systems," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101-107, 2011.

  • E. Hossain and M. Hasan, "5G Cellular: Key Enabling Technologies and Research Challenges," IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Mag, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 11-21, 2015.

  • H.-H. Lee and Y.-c. Ko, "Low Complexity Codebook-Based Beamforming for MIMO-OFDM Systems in Millimeter-Wave WPAN," Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 3607 - 3612, 2011.

  • Y.-D. Lin and Y.-C. Hsu, "Multihop cellular: A New Architecture for Wireless Communications," INFOCOM 2000. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings. IEEE, vol. 3, pp. 1273-1282, 2000.

  • I. Mavromatis, Tassi, A., Piechocki, R. J., & Nix, A. ITS-G5 network for next-generation intelligent transportation systems: design insights and challenges. In Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks: 17th International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks and Wireless, ADHOC-NOW 2018, Saint-Malo, France, September 5-7, 2018. Proceedings (pp. 53).

  • J. G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, Wan Choi, A. Lozano, S. V. Hanly, A. C. K. Soong and J. C. Zhang, "What Will 5G Be?," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1065-1082, 2014.

  • D. Soldani, B. Barani, R. Tafazolli, A. Manzalini and C.-L. I, "Software defined 5G networks for anything as a service [Guest Editorial]," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 72-73, 2015.

  • J. F. Monserrat, G. Mange, V. Braun, H. Tullberg, G. Zimmermann and Ö. Bulakci, "METIS research advances towards the 5G mobile and wireless system definition," EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, p. 53, 2015.

  • F. Boccardi, R. Heath, A. Lozano, T. Marzetta and P. Popovski, "Five disruptive technology directions for 5G," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 74-80, 2014.

  • A. Benjebbour, A. Li, K. Saito, Y. Kishiyama and T. Nakamura, "Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Combined with Single User MIMO (SU-MIMO)," IEICE Transactions on Communications IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 1415-1425, 2015.

  • L. Dai, B. Wang, Y. Yuan, S. Han, C.-L. I and Z. Wang, "Non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G: solutions, challenges, opportunities, and future research trends," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 74-81, 2015.

  • P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, L. Schumacher, J. Prados-Garzon, J. Navarro-Ortiz and J. M. Lopez-Soler, "Link-level access cloud architecture design based on SDN for 5G networks," IEEE Network, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 24-31, 2015.

  • F. Ahishakiye and F. Y. Li, "Service discovery protocols in D2D-enabled cellular networks: Reactive versus proactive," 2014 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 833-838, 2014.

  • X. Shen, "Device-to-device communication in 5G cellular networks," IEEE Network, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 2-3, 2015.

  • L. Song and Z. Han, Resource Management for Device-to-Device Underlay Communication, Resource Management for Device-to-Device Underlay Communication: Springer New York :, 2014.

  • M. Yassein, B., Aljawarneh, S., & Al-Sadi, A. (2017, November). Challenges and features of IoT communications in 5G networks. In 2017 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

  • P. Janis, C.-H. Yu, K. Doppler, C. Ribeiro, C. Wijting, K. Hugl, O. Tirkkonen and V. Koivunen, "Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Communications Systems," IJCNS International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 169-178, 2009.

  • J. Liu, Y. Kawamoto, H. Nishiyama, N. Kato and N. Kadowaki, "Device-to-device communications achieve efficient load balancing in LTE-advanced networks," IEEE Wireless Commun. IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 57-65, 2014.

  • N. Khan, M. Alzahrani (2018) “Establishing EndVisor and Quarantine Approach in Solving Security Issues of Virtualization”, Indian Journal of Science & Techenology vol. 11, no 47, pp. 1-8

  • J. Qiao, X. Shen, J. Mark, Q. Shen, Y. He and L. Lei, "Enabling device-to-device communications in millimeter-wave 5G cellular networks," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 209-215, 2015.

  • T. S. Rappaport, Millimeter wave wireless communications, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2014.

  • S. Haykin, "Cognitive Radio: Brain-empowered Wireless Communications," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201-220, 2005.

  • E. Aryafar, A. Keshavarz-Haddad, M. Wang and M. Chiang, "RAT selection games in HetNets," 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

  • N. Himayat, S.-P. Yeh, A. Y. Panah, S. Talwar, M. Gerasimenko, S. Andreev and Y. Koucheryavy, "Multi-radio heterogeneous networks: Architectures and performance," 2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2014.

  • M. Gerasimenko, N. Himayat, S.-P. Yeh, S. Talwar, T. Andreev and Y. Koucheryavy, "Characterizing performance of load-aware network selection in multi-radio (WiFi/LTE) heterogeneous networks," 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2013.

  • J. Costa-Requena, R. Kantola, A. Y. Ding, J. Manner, Y. Liu and S. Tarkoma, "Software Defined 5G Mobile Backhaul," Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity, pp. 258-263, 2014.

  • H.-H. Cho, C.-F. Lai, T. K. Shih and H.-C. Chao, "Integration of SDR and SDN for 5G," IEEE Access, vol. 2, pp. 1196-1204, 2014.

  • W. Xia, Y. Wen, H. F. Chuan, D. Niyato and H. Xie, "A Survey on Software-Defined Networking," IEEE Communication Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 27-51, 2015.

  • H. Kabir, R. Kantola and J. L. Santos, "Security Mechanisms for a Cooperative Firewall," 2014 IEEE Intl Conf on High Performance Computing and Communications, 2014 IEEE 6th Intl Symp on Cyberspace Safety and Security, 2014 IEEE 11th Intl Conf on Embedded Software and Syst (HPCC,CSS,ICESS), pp. 814-818, 2014.

  • J. L. Santos, R. Kantola, N. Beijar and P. Leppaaho, "Implementing NAT traversal with Private Realm Gateway," 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 3581-3586, 2013.

  • Feamster, N., Rexford, J., & Zegura, E. (2014). The road to SDN: an intellectual history of programmable networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 44(2), 87-98.

  • Aziz, N. A., Mantoro, T., & Khairudin, M. A. (2018, September). Software defined networking (SDN) and its security issues. In 2018 International Conference on Computing, Engineering, and Design (ICCED) (pp. 40-45). IEEE.

  • Keshari, S. K., Kansal, V., & Kumar, S. (2021). A systematic review of quality of services (QoS) in software defined networking (SDN). Wireless Personal Communications, 116(3), 2593-2614.

  • V. Shrimali and A. Gaur, "A review on communication infrastructure in 5G cellular networks," Int. J. of Eng. Sci. Invention Research & Develop., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 94-98, 2015.

  • A. Bayazeed, K. Khorzom, & A. Aljnidi, (2021). A survey of self-coordination in self-organizing network. Computer Networks, 196, 108222.

  • J. Zhang, J. Feng, C. Liu, X. Hong, X. Zhang and W. Wang, "Mobility enhancement and performance evaluation for 5G Ultra dense Networks," 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp. 1793-1798, 2015.

  • M. Z. Shafiq, L. Ji, A. X. Liu, J. Pang and J. Wang, "Large-Scale Measurement and Characterization of Cellular Machine-to-Machine Traffic," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, pp. 1960-1973, 2013.

  • J. Marquez-Barja, S. Hadiwardoyo, V, Maglogiannis, D. Naudts, I. Moerman, P. Hellinckx, & J. Vandenbossche, (2021,). Enabling cross-border tele-operated transport in the 5G Era: The 5G Blueprint approach. In 2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC) (pp. 1-4). Ieee.

  • N A. Khan. Establishing secure network virtualization in 5g radio access network. (2022), “Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology”, 54(7):111-9.

  • S. Chen and J. Zhao, "The requirements, challenges, and technologies for 5G of terrestrial mobile telecommunication," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 36-43, 2014.

  • A. Osseiran, V. Braun, T. Hidekazu, P. Marsch, H. Schotten, H. Tullberg, M. A. Uusitalo and M. Schellman, "The Foundation of the Mobile and Wireless Communications System for 2020 and Beyond: Challenges, Enablers and Technology Solutions," 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), pp. 1-5, 2013.

  • P. Demestichas, A. Georgakopoulos, D. Karvounas, K. Tsagkaris, V. Stavroulaki, J. Lu, C. Xiong and J. Yao, "5G on the Horizon: Key Challenges for the Radio-Access Network," IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 47-53, 2013.

  • T. S. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, H. Zhao, Y. Azar, K. Wang, G. N. Wong, J. K. Schulz, M. Samimi and F. Gutierrez, "Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work!," IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335-349, 2013.

  • A. T. Nassar, A. I. Sulyman and A. Alsanie, "Radio Capacity Estimation for Millimeter Wave 5G Cellular Networks Using Narrow Beamwidth Antennas at the Base Stations," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, pp. 1-6, 2015.

  • Y. Azar, G. N. Wong, K. Wang, R. Mayzus, J. K. Schulz, H. Zhao, F. Gutierrez, D. Hwang, T. S. and Rappaport, "28 GHz propagation measurements for outdoor cellular communications using steerable beam antennas in New York city," 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 5143-5147, 2013.

  • G. R. Maccartney, J. Zhang, S. Nie and T. S. Rappaport, "Path loss models for 5G millimeter wave propagation channels in urban microcells," 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 3948-3953, 2013.

  • Y. S. Meng and Y. H. Lee, "Investigations Of Foliage Effect On Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review," Progress In Electromagnetics Research PIER, vol. 105, pp. 313-332, 2010.

  • W. Roh, J.-Y. Seol, J. Park, B. Lee, J. Lee, Y. Kim, J. Cho, K. Cheun and F. Aryanfar, "Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications: theoretical feasibility and prototype results," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 106-113, 2014.

  • H. Kayama and H. Jiang, "Evolution of LTE and new Radio Access technologies for FRA (Future Radio Access)," 2014 48th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 1944-1948, 2014.

  • M. Attaran, (2021). The impact of 5G on the evolution of intelligent automation and industry digitization. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 1-17.

  • R. Azim, A. Meaze, A. Affandi, M. Alam. M., R. Aktar, M. Mia, & M. Islam, M, (2021). A multi-slotted antenna for LTE/5G Sub-6 GHz wireless communication applications. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 13(5), 486-496.

  • C.-H. Yu, K. Doppler, C. B. Ribeiro and O. Tirkkonen, "Resource Sharing Optimization for Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2752 - 2763, 2011.

  • J. Qiao, L. X. Cai, X. Shen and J. W. Mark, "STDMA-based scheduling algorithm for concurrent transmissions in directional millimeter wave networks," 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 5221 - 5225, 2012.

  • C.-S. Sum, Z. Lan, R. Funada, J. Wang, T. Baykas, M. Rahman and H. Harada, "Virtual time-slot allocation scheme for throughput enhancement in a millimeter-wave multi-Gbps WPAN system," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1379-1389, 2009.

  • B. Bangerter, S. Talwar, R. Arefi and K. Stewart, "Networks and devices for the 5G era," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 90-96, 2014.

  • D. Bast, , A. Guevara, & S. Pollin, (2020). CSI-based positioning in massive MIMO systems using convolutional neural networks. In 2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

  • D. Qiao, Y. Wu and Y. Chen, "Massive MIMO architecture for 5G networks: Co-located, or distributed?," 2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS), pp. 192 - 197, 2014.

  • D. Gesbert, M. Kountouris, W. R. Heath, C.-B. Chae and T. Salzer, "Shifting the MIMO Paradigm," Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 36-46, 2007.

  • F. Rusek, D. Persson, B. K. Lau, E. G. Larsson, T. L. Marzetta and F. Tufvesson, "Scaling Up MIMO: Opportunities and Challenges with Very Large Arrays," IEEE Signal Process. Mag. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 40-60, 2013.

  • T. L. Marzetta, "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3590-3600, 2010.

  • A. Pitarokoilis, S. K. Mohammed and E. G. Larsson, "On the Optimality of Single-Carrier Transmission in Large-Scale Antenna Systems," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 276-279, 2012.

  • Y. Lin, L. Shao, Z. Zhu, Q. Wang and R. K. Sabhikhi, "Wireless network cloud: Architecture and system requirements," IBM Journal of Research and Development IBM J. Res. & Dev., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 4:1 - 4:12, 2010.

  • S. Suyama, J. Shen and Y. Oda, "10Gbps outdoor transmission experiment for super high bit rate mobile communications," NTT DOCOMO Tech. J., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 20-28, 2014.

  • A. S. Khan, Y. Javed, J. Abdullah, J. M. Nazim, & N. Khan, N. (2017). Security issues in 5G device to device communication. IJCSNS, 17(5), 366.

  • China Mobile Research Institute, "C-RAN The Road Towards Green Radio," 2011.

  • U. Ozmat, M. Demirkol, & A. Yazici, (2020,). Service-based coverage for physical layer security with multi-point coordinated beamforming. In 2020 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

  • B. Blanco, J. Fajardo, I. Giannoulakis, E. Kafetzakis, S. Peng, J. Pérez-Romero, & G. Xilouris, (2017). Technology pillars in the architecture of future 5G mobile networks: NFV, MEC and SDN. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 54, 216-228.

  • H. Jiang and C. Dovrolis, "Why is the internet traffic bursty in short time scales?," ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev., vol. 33, no. 1, p. 241, 2005.

  • Y. Cuibo, I. Xiandong, L. Weiyang, Z. Xu, & G. Xuerong, (2015, August). Feasibility study for the LTE-advanced system. In 2015 4th International Conference on Advanced Information Technology and Sensor Application (AITS) (pp. 80-83). IEEE.

  • 3GPP TR23.703, "Study on Architecture Enhancements to support Proximity Services (ProSe)," March 2014.

  • A. Thanos, S. Shalmashi and G. Miao, "Network-assisted discovery for device-to-device communications," Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2013 IEEE, pp. 660 - 664, 2013.

  • Y. Zhao, B. Pelletier, P. Marinier and D. Pani, "D2D neighbor discovery interference management for LTE systems," Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2013 IEEE, pp. 550 - 554, 2013.

  • A. Thanos, "A Study of Network assisted Device-toDevice," KTH Information and Communication Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2013.

  • S. Hakola, T. Chen, J. Lehtomaki and T. Koskela, "Device-To-Device (D2D) Communication in Cellular Network - Performance Analysis of Optimum and Practical Communication Mode Selection," Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2010 IEEE, pp. 1 - 6, 2010.

  • A. Osseiran, F. Boccardi, V. Braun, K. Kusume, P. Marsch, M. Maternia, O. Queseth, M. Schellmann, H. Schotten, H. Taoka, H. Tullberg, M. A. Uusitalo, B. Timus and M. Fallgren, "Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 26-35, 2014.

  • C.-P. Chien , Y.-C. Chen and H.-Y. Hsieh, "Exploiting spatial reuse gain through joint mode selection and resource allocation for underlay device-to-device communications," Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), 2012 15th International Symposium on, pp. 80 - 84, 2012.

  • Nauman, A., Jamshed, M. A., Ali, R., Cengiz, K., & Kim, S. W. (2021). Reinforcement learning-enabled intelligent device-to-device (I-D2D) communication in narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). Computer Communications, 176, 13-22.

  • P. Baracca, F. Boccardi and N. Benvenuto, "A dynamic clustering algorithm for downlink comp systems with multiple antenna UEs," EURASIP J. on Wireless Commun. and Networking,, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2014.

  • B. Kaufman, J. Lilleberg and B. Aazhang, "Spectrum Sharing Scheme Between Cellular Users and Ad-hoc Device-to-Device Users," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1038-1049, 2013.

  • M. N. Tehrani, M. Uysal and H. Yanikomeroglu, "Device-to-device communication in 5G cellular networks: challenges, solutions, and

  • future directions," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 86-92, 2014.

  • G. Fodor, E. Dahlman, G. Mildh, S. Parkvall, N. Reider, G. Miklós and Z. Turányi, "Design aspects of network assisted device-to-device communications," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 170-177, 2012.

  • S. Lashgari and A. S. Avestimehr, "Timely Throughput of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: Fundamental Limits and Algorithms," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 8414-8433, 2013.

  • S.-P. Yeh, A. Y. Panah, N. Himayat and S. Talwar, "QoS Aware Scheduling and Cross-Radio Coordination in Multi-Radio Heterogeneous Networks," 2013 IEEE 78th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), pp. 1-6, 2013.

  • T. Taleb, A. Ksentini, & R.Jantti, (2016). " Anything as a service" for 5G mobile systems. IEEE Network, 30(6), 84-91.

  • A. Benjebbour, A. Li, Y. Kishiyama, H. Jiang and T. Nakamura, "System-level performance of downlink NOMA combined with SU-MIMO for future LTE enhancements," 2014 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 706-710, 2014.

  • K. Higuchi and Y. Kishiyama, "Non-orthogonal access with successive interference cancellation for future radio access," APWCS2012, 2012.

  • N. Otao, Y. Kishiyama and K. Higuchi, "Performance of nonorthogonal access with SIC in cellular downlink using proportional fair-based resource allocation," Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), 2012 International Symposium, pp. 476-480, 2012.

  • A. Li, A. Harada and H. Kayama, "Investigation on low complexity power assignment method and performance gain of non-orthogonal multiple access systems," IEICE trans. commun..

  • K. Higuchi and Y. Kishiyama, "Non-orthogonal access with random beamforming and intra-beam SIC for cellular MIMO downlink," IEICE RCS2012-89, vol. 445, no. 465, pp. 85-90, 2012.

  • J. Umehara, Y. Kishiyama and K. Higuchi, "Enhancing user fairness in non-orthogonal access with successive interference cancellation for cellular downlink," 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS), pp. 324 - 328, 2012.

  • H. Shariatmadari, R. Ratasuk, S. Iraji, A. Laya, T. Taleb, R. Jäntti and A. Ghosh, "Machine-type communications: current status and future perspectives toward 5G systems," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 10-17, 2015.

  • R. Ratasuk, S. Iraji, K. Hugl, L. Wang and A. Ghosh, "Performance of Low-Cost LTE Devices for Advanced Metering Infrastructure," 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), pp. 1-5, 2013.

  • K. Zheng, F. Hu, W. Wang, W. Xiang and M. Dohler, "Radio resource allocation in LTE-advanced cellular networks with M2M communications," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 184-192, 2012.

  • M. Condoluci, C. Dohler, G. Araniti, A. Molinaro and K. Zheng, "Toward 5G densenets: architectural advances for effective machine-type communications over femtocells," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 134-141, 2015.

  • Afrin, N., Brown, J., & Khan, J. Y. (2022). A Multi-Service Adaptive Semi-Persistent LTE Uplink Scheduler for Low Power M2M Devices. Future Internet, 14(4), 107.

  • D. Astely, E. Dahlman, G. Fodor, S. Parkvall and J. Sachs, "LTE release 12 and beyond," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 154-160, 2013.

  • J. F. Monserrat, J. Calabuig, A. Fernandez-Aguilella and D. Gomez-Barquero, "Joint Delivery of Unicast and E-MBMS Services in LTE Networks," IEEE Trans. on Broadcast. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 157-167, 2012.

  • GSA, "Evolution to LTE Report," Information Papers, 2015.

  • W. Zhang, Y. Wu, N. Hur, T. Ikeda and P. Xia, "FOBTV: Worldwide Efforts in Developing Next-Generation Broadcasting System," IEEE Trans. on Broadcast. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 154-159, 2014.

  • J. Whitaker, "ATSC Update: New Technologies for Today and Tomorrow - SBE Chapter 24," 2012.

  • J. Calabuig, J. F. Monserrat and D. Gomez-Barquero, "5th generation mobile networks: A new opportunity for the convergence of mobile broadband and broadcast services," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 198-205, 2015.

  • ATSC, "Summaries of Responses to ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer Call for Proposals," 2013.

  • G. K. Walker, J. Wang, C. Lo, X. Zhang and G. Bao, "Relationship Between LTE Broadcast/eMBMS and Next Generation Broadcast Television," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 185-192, 2014.

  • DVB Project, "A Cooperation between 3GPP and the DVB Project on a Common Downlink-Only Standard?," in Proc. 6th 3GPP PCG meeting, Kansas City, 2011.

  • N. Khan, A. Johari, & S. Adnan, (2017). A Taxonomy Study of XSS Vulnerabilities. Asian J. Inf. Technol, 16, 169-177..

  • N. A. Khan, M. Y. Alzaharani, & H. A. Kar, (2020). Hybrid feature classification approach for malicious javaScript attack detection using deep learning. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, 18(5).

  • "Network Functions Virtualisation – Introductory White Paper," in SDN and OpenFlow World Congress, Darmstadt-Germany, 2012.

  • J. Mass, S. N. Srirama, H. Flores and C. Chang, "Proximal and social-aware device-to-device communication via audio detection on cloud," Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia - MUM '14, pp. 143-150, 2014.

  • R. Guerzoni, R. Trivisonno and D. Soldani, "SDN-Based Architecture and Procedures for 5G Networks," Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity, pp. 209 - 214, 2014.

  • N. Khan, J. Abdullah, & A. S. Khan, (2017). A dynamic method of detecting malicious scripts using classifiers. Advanced Science Letters, 23(6), 5352-5355.

  • R. Guerzoni, R. Trivisonno, I. Vaishnavi, A. Hecker, S. Beker and D. Soldani, "A novel approach to virtual networks embedding for SDN management and orchestration," 2014 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), pp. 1-7, 2014.

  • A. Alshehri, N. Khan, A. Alowayr, & M. Y. Alghamdi,. (2023). Cyberattack Detection Framework Using Machine Learning and User Behavior Analytics. COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 44(2), 1679-1689.

  • Cisco System, Inc, "Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2009-2014," CA: Cisavaco System, Inc., FLGD 12353, San Jose, 2010.

  • Nokia Solutions and Networks, "Technology Vision 2020, Technology Vision for the Gigabit Experience," Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy, Karaportti 3, ESPOO, Finland, 2013.

  • A. Alqarni, N. Alsharif, Khan, N. A., Georgieva, L., Pardade, E., & Alzahrani, M. Y. (2022). MNN-XSS: Modular neural network based approach for XSS attack detection. Computers, Materials and Continua, 70(2), 4075-4085.

  • C. Kim, M. Caesar and J. Rexford, "Seattle," ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. TOCS ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, pp. 1-35.

  • M. Casado, M. J. Freedman, J. Pettit, J. Luo, N. Mckeown and S. Shenker, "Ethane," Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications - SIGCOMM '07, vol. 37, no. 4, p. 1–12, 2007.

  • N. Varis, J. Manner and J. Heinonen, "A layer-2 approach for mobility and transport in the mobile backhaul," 2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications, pp. 268-273, 2011.

  • N. Mckeown, T. Anderson, H. Balakrishnan, G. Parulkar, L. Peterson, J. Rexford, S. Shenker and J. Turner, "OpenFlow," ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 69-74, 2008.

  • T. Taleb, K. Samdanis and A. Ksentini, "Supporting Highly Mobile Users in Cost-Effective Decentralized Mobile Operator Networks,"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 3381-3396, 2014.

  • R. A. Kantola, "Implementing Trust-to-Trust with Customer Edge Switching," 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, pp. 1092-1099, 2010.

  • A. Y. Ding, J. Crowcroft and S. Tarkoma, "a programmable approach toward collaborative mobile traffic offloading," MobiSys '14 Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, pp. 368-368, 2014.

  • A. Y. Ding, P. Hui, M. Kojo and S. Tarkoma, "Enabling energy-aware mobile data offloading for smartphones through vertical collaboration," Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on CoNEXT student workshop - CoNEXT Student '12, pp. 487-495, 2013.

  • J. Korhonen, T. Savolainen, A. Y. Ding and M. Kojo, "Toward network controlled IP traffic offloading," IEEE Commun. Mag. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 96-102, 2013.

  • B. Munch, "Hype Cycle for Networking and Communications, 2013," Gartner, Inc., Stamford, CT, Rep. 06902-7700, 2013.

  • T. Tjelta, G. Millstein, O. Grøndalen, O. Østerbø, P. Lehne, P. Waldemar, P. Grønsund, K. Mahmood and H. Lønsethagen, "Research topics and initial results for the fifth generation (5G) mobile network," Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity, pp. 267-272, 2014.

  • M. Satyanarayanan, P. Bahl, R. Caceres and N. Davies, "The Case for VM-Based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing," IEEE Pervasive Comput. IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 14-23, 2009.

  • X. Wu, S. Tavildar, S. Shakkottai, T. Richardson, J. Li, R. Laroia and A. Jovicic, "FlashLinQ: A synchronous distributed scheduler for peer-to-peer ad hoc networks," 2010 48th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton), pp. 514-521, 2010.

  • Li, J., Nagalapur, K. K., Stare, E., Dwivedi, S., Ashraf, S. A., Eriksson, P. E., ... & Lohmar, T. (2021). 5G New Radio for Public Safety Mission Critical Communications. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.02434.

  • O. Onireti, A. Zoha, J. Moysen, A. Imran, L. Giupponi, M. Imran and A. Abu Dayya, "A Cell Outage Management Framework for Dense Heterogeneous Networks," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-1, 2015.

  • H. Ishii, Y. Kishiyama and H. Takahashi, "A novel architecture for LTE-B :C-plane/U-plane split and Phantom Cell concept," 2012 IEEE Globecom Workshops, pp. 624-630, 2012.

  • H.-S. Park, Y.-S. Choi, B.-C. Kim and J.-Y. Lee, "LTE Mobility Enhancements for Evolution into 5G," ETRI J ETRI Journal, pp. 1065-1076, 2015.

  • L. Yan and X. Fang, "Reliability evaluation of 5G C/U-plane decoupled architecture for high-speed railway," EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, p. 127, 2014.

  • H. Mounir, Cognitive radio oriented wireless networks 2015, Place of publication not identified: Springer, 2015.

  • M. Olsson, C. Cavdar, P. Frenger, S. Tombaz, D. Sabella and R. Jantti, "5GrEEn: Towards Green 5G mobile networks," 2013 IEEE 9th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), pp. 212-216, 2013.

  • W. Chin, Z. Fan and R. Haines, "Emerging technologies and research challenges for 5G wireless networks," IEEE Wireless Commun. IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 106-112, 2014.

  • A. Mohamed,, M. Imran, and R. Tafazolli, "ENERGY EFFICIENT 5G NETWORK WITH LOGICAL SEPARATION," 5G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom, 2015.

  • Z. Ma, Z. Zhang, Z. Ding, P. Fan and H. Li, "Key techniques for 5G wireless communications: network architecture, physical layer, and MAC layer perspectives," Science China Information Sciences Sci. China Inf. Sci., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1-20, 2015.

  • I. Chih-Lin, C. Rowell, S. Han, Z. Xu, G. Li and Z. Pan, "Toward green and soft: a 5G perspective," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 66-73, 2014.

  • H. Mustafa, M. Imran, M. Shakir, A. Imran and R. Tafazolli, "Separation Framework: An Enabler for Cooperative and D2D Communication for Future 5G Networks," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-1, 2015.

  • V. Bhargava, "Millimetre wave bands for 5G wireless communications," High Mobility Wireless Communications (HMWC), 2014 International Workshop , pp. 2-2, 2014.

  • W. El-Beaino, A. El-Haji and Z. Dawy, "On Radio network planning for next generation 5G networks: A case study," Communications, Signal Processing, and their Applications (ICCSPA), 2015 International Conference, pp. 1-6, 2015.


Abstract Views: 316

PDF Views: 1




  • 5G Network: techniques to Increase Quality of Service and Quality of Experience

Abstract Views: 316  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Nayeem Ahmad Khan
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, AlBaha University, AlBaha, Saudi Arabia

Abstract


The rapid growth of interconnected networks and devices inevitably causes the rise of traffic demand and thus pushes the technologies like long-term evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) and mobile multihop relay WiMAX networks technology to move into the fifth-generation (5G). The 5G network was envisioned to be built to encounter the fundamental challenges of quality of services in existing networks, such as allowing higher data rates, enhanced end-user quality of experience, reduced end-to-end latency, lower energy consumption, and higher traffic capacity. In order to satisfy and achieve the vision of the 5G network, extensive debates are in progress about the numerous techniques to be adapted. The objective of this study is to analyze various techniques for 5G networks to achieve the high enhance Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) for users. Moreover, this paper also discussed several combinations of techniques for the upcoming 5G network, such as mmWave with Massive MIMO, D2D with SDN, D2D with mmWave, and D2D with Machine-to-machine communication and NFV and SDN hybrid. This study will be a significant endeavor in choosing possible techniques for 5G networks and further investigating various combinations of such techniques for future works. To make suitable techniques for the emerging 5G network, guidelines and challenges are highlighted to modify the existing techniques.

Keywords


5G, Quality of Experience, Quality of Service, Multi-Tier Architecture, Software-Defined Networking, Heterogeneous Networks.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22247/ijcna%2F2022%2F214508