ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

On Pilot Contamination in Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output System with least Square Method and Zero forcing Receiver


Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology, India
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dharmsinh Desai University, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless communications refers to use of large number of antennas at transmitter and receiver to enhance spectral and energy efficiency. However, its performance is limited by a problem known as pilot contamination. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of massive MIMO system and studied degradation in performance due to pilot contamination. To showcase such effects, we have implemented the channel estimation using Least Square (LS) method with random pilots and time shifted pilot scheme through simulations. In this study we have used zero forcing (ZF) receivers. We have also studied performance improvement in presence of pilot using MMSE receiver. Further improvement is achieved in this work by introducing precoding technique for massive MIMO systems.

Keywords

Massive MIMO, Channel Estimation, Pilot Contamination, MMSE, Precoding, ZF.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • F. Rusek, D. Persson, B.K. Lau, E.G. Larsson, T.L. Marzetta, O. Edfors and F. Tufvesson, “Scaling up MIMO: Opportunities and Challenges with Very Large Arrays”, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 4060, 2013.

  • L. Lu, G. Li, A. Swindlehurst, A. Ashikhmin and R. Zhang, “An overview of massive MIMO: Benefits and Challenges”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 742-758, 2014.

  • T.L. Marzetta, “Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited numbers of base station Antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 9, No. 11, pp. 3590-3600, 2010.

  • E.G. Larsson, F. Tufvesson, O. Edfors and T.L. Marzetta, “Massive MIMO for Next Generation Wireless Systems”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 186195, 2014.

  • H.Q. Ngo, E.G. Larsson and T.L. Marzetta, “Energy and Spectral Efficiency of very Large Multiuser MIMO Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 1436-1449, 2013.

  • J. Hoydis, S. Ten Brink and M. Debbah, “Massive MIMO in the UL/DL of Cellular Networks: how many Antennas do we need?”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 160-171, 2013.

  • Thomas L. Marzetta, “How much training is required for Multiuser MIMO?”, Proceedings of Fortieth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 359363, 2006.

  • B. Hassibi and B. Hochwald, “How much training is needed in Multiple Antenna Wireless Links?”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 951-963, 2003.

  • J. Jose, A. Ashikhmin, T.L. Marzetta, and S. Vishwanath, “Pilot Contamination and Precoding in Multi-Cell TDD Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 2640-2651, 2011.

  • C. Zhang and G. Zeng, “Pilot Contamination Reduction Scheme in Massive MIMO Multi-Cell TDD Systems”, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 15, pp. 6721-6729, 2014.

  • J. Jose, A. Ashikhmin, T.L. Marzetta and S. Vishwanath, “Pilot Contamination Problem in Multi-Cell TDD Systems”, Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, pp. 2184-2188, 2009.

  • H.Q. Ngo, T.L. Marzetta and E.G. Larsson, “Analysis of the Pilot Contamination Effect in very Large Multicell Multiuser MIMO systems for Physical Channel Models”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 3464-3467, 2011.

  • Qun Yu and Ronglin Li, Guangzhou, “Research on Pilot Pattern Design of Channel Estimation”, Journal of Automation and Control Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 160-163, 2013.

  • R.R. Muller, L. Cottatellucci and M. Vehkaper, “Blind Pilot Decontamination”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 773-786, 2014.

  • F. Fernandes, A. Ashikhmin and T. Marzetta, “Inter-Cell Interference in Non-cooperative TDD Large Scale Antenna Systems”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 192-201, 2013.

  • H.F. Yin, D. Gesbert, M. Filippou and Y.Z. Liu, “A Coordinated Approach to Channel Estimation in LargeScale Multiple-Antenna Systems”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 264273, 2013.

  • J. Zhang, B. Zhang, S. Chen, X. Mu, M. El-Hajjar and L. Hanzo, “Pilot Contamination Elimination for Large-Scale Multiple-Antenna Aided OFDM Systems”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 759772, 2014.

  • H.Q. Ngo, E.G. Larsson, and T.L. Marzetta, “The Multicell Multiuser MIMO Uplink with very Large Antenna Arrays and A Finite-Dimensional Channel”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 61, No. 6, pp. 2350-2361, 2013.

  • Olakunle Elijah, Chee Yen Leow, Abdul Rahman Tharek, Solomon Nunoo and Solomon Zakwoi Iliya, “Mitigating Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO System-5G”, Proceedings of 10th Asian Control Conference, pp. 1-6, 2015.

  • Olakunle Elijah, Chee Yen Leow, Tharek Abdul Rahman, Solomon Nunoo and Solomon Zakwoi Iliya, “A Comprehensive Survey of Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO-5G System”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 905-923, 2016.


Abstract Views: 293

PDF Views: 2




  • On Pilot Contamination in Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output System with least Square Method and Zero forcing Receiver

Abstract Views: 293  |  PDF Views: 2

Authors

Joshi Poojaben Hirenkumar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology, India
Jignesh N. Patel
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology, India
Hardip K. Shah
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dharmsinh Desai University, India

Abstract


Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless communications refers to use of large number of antennas at transmitter and receiver to enhance spectral and energy efficiency. However, its performance is limited by a problem known as pilot contamination. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of massive MIMO system and studied degradation in performance due to pilot contamination. To showcase such effects, we have implemented the channel estimation using Least Square (LS) method with random pilots and time shifted pilot scheme through simulations. In this study we have used zero forcing (ZF) receivers. We have also studied performance improvement in presence of pilot using MMSE receiver. Further improvement is achieved in this work by introducing precoding technique for massive MIMO systems.

Keywords


Massive MIMO, Channel Estimation, Pilot Contamination, MMSE, Precoding, ZF.

References