A Multi Aware Multi-Levels Heterogenous Routing (MAMHR) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are generally set out in a remote workplace, since the sensor nodes are tiny in size, cost-proficient, low-power gadgets, and have restricted battery supply. Due to the constrained availability of power sources, energy utilization has been considered as the most crucial factor for proposing network routing protocols. The fundamental concern is to improve the lifetime of the network based on the energy constraints. Several homogenous cluster-based routing protocols have been proposed in literature for lifetime improvement of the sensor network but many of them fail to function effectively in heterogeneous environment and moreover, these protocols have not considered any other awareness parameters than lifetime and energy consumption. In this work, a Multi Aware Multi-Levels Heterogeneous Routing (MAMHR) protocol, focusing on the principle of multi-level heterogeneity by considering multiple awareness parameters of the network such as Quality of Service (QoS), shortest path estimation and suitable localization technique, is proposed. Scoped Bellman Ford Routing (SBFR) algorithm is used for shortest path estimation, Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS) factors are considered for QoS awareness and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technique is used for location estimation. Lifetime awareness parameters of the proposed scheme were compared with already existing prominent protocols LEACH, SEP and ZSEP and a significant improvement in lifetime of entire network was obtained. Simulation results corresponding to the respective multiple awareness parameters also shows that these parameters can be incorporated into the selected heterogeneous environment without affecting the energy consumption constraints of the proposed scheme.